Edit: Correction: Portugal should not be marked as part of the Spanish Hapsburg territory. These videos try to be accurate, represent different researchers’ viewpoints and still be as entertaining as possible. If you think this is valuable content, then please consider donating over on Patreon. Link: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
@Newyork 1992 Absurd claim that has nothing to do with historical reality that Poland had lil numbers of chances to encoun Ottomans. That your claim is wrong is illustrated by Poland's many wars against the Ottomans, which occurred due to the Polish Empire's competition with the Ottoman Empire in southern Europe. This has nothing to do with the topic and is completely irrelevant which empire should be the rightful successor of Roman empire, because neither Poland nor the Ottomans claim the Roman succession. The Hungarians, Albanians and Romanians are also completely irrelevant because of their complete inferiority to the Ottomans. They bravely defended themselves against the Ottomans but then failed and were occupied by the Ottomans.
@Polish Husaria anyway they don't have really could b same occurrences with venetians. While polish having lil numbers of chances to encounter ottoman. Cz there some frontmans like hungarian and albanian and Romanian. Well let's talk about ,What empire should be the rightful succesor of roman empire.if we assumed they should be till today , Spanish,russian, ottoman,greek , french? Or?
@Newyork 1992 Your claims do not correspond to historical reality. Poland was an empire and Lithuania was part of the Polish empire. So the Lithuanians were not allies. Otherwise, the Polish Empire actually only fought against the Ottomans with the help of vassals and not with the help of allies. The fights together with the Habsburg allies were the exception. The Hungarians could no longer be allies for Poland anyway because in the meantime they have become too weak With Venice it was the other way around and Venice mostly fought against the Ottomans with the support of allies.
@Polish Husaria hell.haha just forgot Poland. Yea they had same degree with venetian ig u need oto read more. Venetian just sometimes got support like the polish as well some time and ever polish have long fellow commonwealth as Lithuanian and hungarian too.
Two of My ancestors were Winged Hussars at Vienna. They were minor nobility and were in the First Banner (First Company). My father has one of the szabla (saber). Niech żyje Polska!
My Brother! I as well have an ancestor who was with the Hussars at Vienna. It took me quite a good while to research and confirm that particular part of the family history. It was always passed down through us as a fact, and we just accepted it as such. Then I studied and became an historian and decided that I wanted to find out how legitimate that family story was. It turned out to be fairly accurate when all things considered.
I see a bit of ambivalence, tho im happy to hear support and a connection to our common heritage, I also see the red-black of Bandera (OUN/UPA) responsible for the Volhynian Genocide.
For Sobieski, the fights against the Ottoman Empire had also personal, not only political or religious aspect. His ancestor was Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, whose last-stand fight, in battle of Cecora 1620, is well known in the history of Poland. Żólkiewski died in age of 72 with a saber in his hand as a hero defending the country's borders. Sobieski's mother taught her sons Latin on the example of the inscriptions covering the tomb of their great ancestor. The uncle and brother of king Jan were killed by Tatars. Jan himself was born in a castle surrounded by the raging Tatar invasion. The fight against the Tatars and the Turks, one could say, was this man's destiny. Except from the Battle of Vienna his other victories are little known to history enthusiasts in countries different than Poland. Among that victories are brilliant counter-raid around the city of Lwów against the overwhelming strength of Tatar raiders in 1672, and in the next year battle of Khotyn where the 40,000 Turkish army was literally annihilated. Nevertheless, Sobieski didn't hate or prejudice his muslim enemies. He enjoyed a Janissary music and even had his own Janissary orchestra made of Turkish POW's. Poles and Turks met each other for hundreds of years in trade, diplomacy and on many battlefields*, but they could respect each other, even as enemies. *(probably first time in Battle of Kosovo 1389, where some Polish knights supported the Serbian army)
This is why modern disputes between countries in east and Western Europe are so complicated ! The boarder of one may have been the land of a different country or country’s and repeat over and over for thousands of years this also is the case for most of the world!!!
@Cetus444 The Ottoman army was a cavalry-dominated army by the beginning, they continued this system even in the Battle of Mohaç, but this changed in the 1st and 2nd sieges of Vienna, Azaps and Janissaries replaced the Sipahis of Timar, the main striking force of the army, which increased the mobility and deterrent power of the army. broke, this cost the Ottomans very dearly. While reading the 2nd siege of Vienna, I saw that Jan Sobieski and his soldiers, who defeated the Ottoman army, were not taken to the city of Vienna (for fear of capturing the city) and that most of the soldiers perished from hunger, is this true in your sources?
I read this and started laughing so you got a thumbs up. Also because it took something like 40 to 1 odds and a joint attack form both Germany and Russia during WW2 to defeat the polish army lol. So when the mountains start speaking polish it's time to yeetus oneself out of there.
@bakters Decisive in the battle was the line-breaking charge of the hussars. And whatever you write, these are the facts. 80% of the time it was infantry fighting. And what about this? A charge was enough and the battle was over. A meal was eaten in the vizier's tent. This is how the hussars fought. The infantry was clearing the foreground. She removed fences and fortifications. Without infantry, there would be no charge. Without the charge, there would be no victory. But it was the charge of the Khusari that routed the Ottomans. And to this day it hurts the Germans and Austrians. It hurts so much that in Vienna there is not a single monument reminiscent of Sobieski or the help of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. But it's a shame for the Viennese and a shame for Austria. They're distorting the story.
@Aleksander Sokal After defeating the mighty Army of the Eastern Roman Empire, any idea why the Turks didn’t invade Italy, the centre of Christianity and the richest country in Europe ?
Who is remembered, who was lost before memory of them was yet plausible. Why? I consider that disjunction to be the biggest leviathan sitting in the room called Human History: Why do we micro-parse every motive, every bowel movement of every king, and second-guess legendary generals down to the strategy of their middle initials and tactics of their sordid sex lives--while the hopes and potentials, memories of mothers and even of daughters loved but never conceived, memories of their stunning abilities, appalling agonies, their rampaging rapes and their two-second slaughters--all of soldiers and sailors, archers and slingers, frontline and infantry--once cherubic infants and rascal pals--now disassembled, bone by brain by blood, in the hundreds of millions, left to rot on every field of Earth, or ossify or liquify or fossilize in cold, silent marble oblivion? Why is that question so rarely asked by anyone so empowered to answer? Who are we if not the "Provixisse," those who alone could now ask or answer any question, because we alone, from the loins of war's fodder, live on?
@Aleksander Sokal Please work on your formatting skills a little. What you have to say is fascinating, but the way you have written it is extremely confusing to read due to its tiered paranthesis and lack of paragraphing. I hope my constructive critique is helpful :)
The coolest part about this battle is that it really was like something out of a movie in a sense that the relief force arrived at literally the last possible moment. If they arrived a day later Vienna would've fallen
@Captain Dred Maybe the largest charge by 1683. But the largest charge in history was led by Murat, during the Battle of Eylau with 10 000 to 12 000 French horsemen according to different sources.
@Black Baron who told you that? I doubt it. There other battles where a siege is lifted by a relief army. I thought that battle was based of the battle of Nicopolis 1396, where the Serbian knights changed the battle and prevent the fall of Nicopolis. There were even ships in the river like in the movie.
Interesting tidbit: Just as a huge number of soldiers in the Ottoman army were Christians (Hungarian, and even English, French, German, and Dutch Protestants as well as Serbs and other Orthodox troops), one of the most effective elements in the Polish army were the Muslim Lipka Tatars. Once he got home after the Siege of Vienna, the Polish king happily ordered the building of mosques for his Lipka Tatar vassals. Many of these mosques still stand today, and Muslim Lipka Tatar cavalrymen were still serving in the Polish army as late as World War Two, with new inductees into the Lipka Tatar lancer regiment swearing their oath of service in Islamic style. If I’m not mistaken, a monument to the Muslim Lipka Tatar cavalry was also unveiled some years ago in Poland.
Yeah they put straws on their helmets so they could be differentiated from the Ottoman Tatars. Show pretty well that those conflicts weren't really religious, but just political. As on the Ottoman side there were also many Christians fighting. Mainly Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and Hungarians.
I just checked .first partion was 1772...There was no Poland for 123 years .Only ottoman turks did not accepted partion and always recognised independent Poland!
This is new info to me. I know Muslim kipchaks have had a long history in Eastern Europe but I never knew they fought the Ottomans on behalf of the Poles in this siege. The more you know...
It was not mentioned in video, but Sobieski delayed his departue from Poland because the lithuanian forces that were supposed to reinforce king's army did not arrive on time. That's why Sobieski brought only half of the force from PLC he promised.
Considering how relatively recent , large/long and potentially worldchanging The Sieges of Vienna were. The absence of the sieges from our schools history books especially in europe, is a mystery to me. Underated in every way !
The siege of Vienna is as important as WW1, because the entire fate of Europe hung in the balance. They planned to go on and conquer the rest of Europe.
It really wasn't worldchanging at all. Even if the Turks had captured Vienna, they would have been driven back to Serbia just like in the original timeline. In fact, a Turkish victory would have solidified German and Polish resistance as the nobles would put their differences aside and fund a much larger Christian army
It wasn't worldchanging, there was a 15 year war that followed, which ended with a bigger battle where an ottoman army was caught while crossing a river. Don't forget, the french sided with the ottomans in this war.
@The King in Yellow Yeah, it was my contrived attempt at a joke, although, now that I've re-read it, it was way too wordy and poorly conceived. Sometimes I'm pretty good at sarcasm, but that was a fail.
@HighlanderNorth1 Nice try but you went to far. Titanium was not even known of in 1683. Probably shoulda went with coal or diamonds or mithril. You know, something more believable. :)
Awesome video! Gives a holistic view of the whole battle, not just that one epic arrival. I especially appreciate the inclusion of the story of Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, even though you butchered the name a bit. ;D It would be also great to see a similar video (or two) about the battles of Chocim / Khotyn (Хотин) in 1621 and 1673, especially the first one, they deserve to get more attention in my opinion.
@bakters I agree I have 4 of Radosław Sikoras books (two in physical copies) and they are very good. But also the "Bitwy Historyczne" series from Bellona are very good, excellent writers like Leszek Podhorodecki wrote many of their books and he is an expert on everything to do with Sobieski, Tatars, Ottomans and Oriental stuff generally.
@Aleksander Sokal "I have new information" I knew of it by now, but thanks anyway. At least it's good to put it out here, so people can possibly learn, that 600 Hussars would charge against 10K+ of enemy, which included several thousands of their *elite* cavalry, not some random schmucks! "Radosław Sikora" He's the best when it comes to Hussars. It's just the truth. I'm reading through a book on Klushino battle by another guy, and this other guy is good too, but not on the same level. Oh, how I wish we'd have the Winged Hussars holding guard in front of the presidential palace! Yesterday they put a picture of Żółkiewski on the wall of the palace due to 400th anniversary of his death at Cecora. Maybe the president could be warmed up to the idea somehow? People would crowd-fund the living out of this project. Which would be needed, if we wanted to dress the soldiers up correctly. Let's hope.
Very interesting, thank you. Sadly, the sieges of Vienna were reduced to no more than a few boring sentences in history class so I knew very little, although many place names still reflect the ancient defensive works that lie beneath.
Fantastic content! Your academic rigor and focus on the Early Modern Era certainly fills a void. I only realized (thanks to your crediting historians) that one of my favorite books is from Christopher Duffy - "Siege Warfare". I haven't read the other historians you mention, but I can recommend Duffy as being as entertaining as your videos. Mentioning sources really separates "wheat from chaff" in history KZclip videos; it respects the "shoulders of giants" that spent lifetimes bent over the primary sources so we can be informed and entertained at our leisure.
WOW! I had read about this battle, but was a bit fuzzy on the details. This video really helped me understand what exactly went on, who was involved, and the structure of forts. Thank you so much for putting this together! I'm sharing it with a history class I'm teaching.
Loved it. I've studied this siege. Watched several videos. Heard many perspectives. Your compilation of info into a full documentary is a great success. You did that in a half hour production! Cheers! Thanks
This channel has great artwork in the videos, it gives us a much better idea of what happened compared to just maps like other channels. Excellent work SandRhoman History!
After describing the situation of Vienna in such detail, I hoped for the same when describing the battle. It is a pity, because there is something to talk about, the Turks made serious mistakes in their preparations to repel the relief, as well as in the battle itself. Kara mustafa ignored the advisers' suggestions to fortify Kahlenberg Hill, from where they were later fired upon by Allied artillery. The Turks neither noticed nor ignored the 6 km long belt of the forming Polish cavalry. It is also worth adding that there were no Lithuanians for whom Sobieski was waiting, and finally he went without them, 10 thousand of them were already on their way to Krakow.
Tatars were supposed to harass and hold Polish army when they were passing the bridge but they just watched doing nothing. Quarrel between Tatar Khan and Kara Mustafa lead to their doom. Kara Mustafa did not want to give Tatars any artillery pieces. Also they should have started the siege late April or Early May.
Rewatching this I realize the cooperation between Emperor Leopold and King Sobieski was even closer then I first thought. Emperor Leopold ceded overall command to Sobieski, but on the eve of battle Sobieski went with Leopold's plan. This flexibility must have trickled down and allowed the coalition of armies to work together as the did during the battle.
Technically I already knew the story of this siege from the Extra Credits series on it (great history channel in their own right, covers a lot of overlooked topics and events in an easily-digestible way). But I expected SandRhoman would give me a far more detailed and precise account of events, and I am not disappointed!
Love this and similar channels that do long format historical documentary style videos. Thanks for all the time, research, and video editing you do to bring us great content.
I keep thinking how overpowered hand grenades or mortar shells would be in the old times, it turns out people had much more creative ideas and did the unthinkable. I never knew they dug trenches to reach the second wall or used miners to go under the castle. Great content. Thank you
They used hand grenades back in 1683, of course not modern hand grenades, but for example they had hand grenades made out of glas filled with explosives. sammlung.wienmuseum.at/objekt/340191-handgranate/
The brave relief army infantry did a lot of the brunt work, and the winged hussars delivered the coup de grâce. And no one can ignore the determined defenders of Vienna herself. A tragic, yet poetic event.
@Muhammed Yılmaz totally agree with You, sometimes it is treated as one, but spreaded across 3 days. In the second phase, imperial forces were located in the Centre and PL cavalery on the flanks that butchered fleeing Ottoman forces
@Maciej There is 2 battle of Parkany, in first one, Sobieski sought quick victory but his 5.000 army is ambushed and routed by 4-5.000 Ottoman Cavalry. In this battle, Sobieski almost died. In second battle, German Army reached Battlefield and annihilated Ottoman Army.
much more Turks were lost in the Battle of Párkány, that happen afterward of Vienna (also fun fact: Sobieski was quite a fatso and he almost died in this battle because a horse fell under him)
@Fred Lougee I know that France under Louis 14, muster 300.000 disciplined soldiers which is even larger than Ottoman Armies during Siege of Vienna. If Ottoman Army took Vienna and advanced through Germany, France would join war on the side of HRE and stop Ottoman expansion on West Europe. This balance of power is the reason why no state in 17th century Europe could seize large pieces of land except for minor territorial changes. Likewise, after the Ottomans lost all of Hungary to Austria, France declared war on the HRE in 1688, Austria had to send its entire army to the French front, thus preventing Ottomans losing more territory in Europe. Only Poland remained out of this balance of power, so Poland could not escape being divided.
Well-explained, thanks. Love your walking soldiers. Small omission methinks: You rightly explain that on 14th July Kara Mustafa demanded that the city surrender and that Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg refused, but you don't mention that only days before Starhemberg had received news of the mass slaughter at Perchtoldsdorf, a town south of Vienna, where the citizens submitted after surrender was similarly demanded of them but were all killed anyway - obviously Starhemberg dare not trust the Ottomans and due to their treachery at Perchtoldsdorf the Ottomans brought any misfortune at Vienna on themselves.
@Tolga TOSUN Info from my uni notes which were from various sources, but I've just looked it up at Wikipedia and it confirms, and that'd be somewhere to start for further research online.
It is very interesting information. If you know some sources mentioned what happened in Starhemberg, please, can you tell me? Based on the Ottoman military traditions, surrendered cities and castles are not plundered. Otherwise, soldiers have right to plunder the city for maximum three days (its up to the commander. For instance, when Mehmet II conquered Istanbul, he ordered to stop the plunder in the same day of the conquest), except buildings. Because they belong to the state.
In Poland, we call the Battle of Vienna the Vienna Relief. It was the second military aid provided to Austria by the Polish Kingdom. The battle fought on November 22-23, 1619 between the Polish Lisowczycy (also an interesting formation of the Mercenaries, who were perhaps better trained by HUSSARI) and the Transylvanian army. There, the Polish army showed their effectiveness again, it is interesting that the Lisowczycy did not receive their pay from the king, their payment was what they robbed. They could take all the looted things only on a horse which they could not move and did not have horse carts on. In Germany, unkind children were threatened with this because the Lisowczycy will come and take you hahahhahaah pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisowczycy
The payment was that he gets the honor of victory. The german, venice(not vienna) and austrian forces beat the ottomans and the hussars just delivered the final blow when the enemy was already basically defeated. Then the polish were looting the enemy camp while the emperors army had to wait their turn. How much more payment does a simple polish king need then his name being remembered for ages to come? Especially since he didnt even have to actually sacrifice his men cause there was no need to. Absolute win/win situation
@Nriedrich Fietzsche Actually, no one knows the true reason why the building of the monument was stopped. One should not believe the typical FPÖ propaganda. It is entirely possible that the planned monument is simply too ugly. Looking at this picture, I am very thankful that this monument will never be erected. www.derstandard.at/story/2000087080365/sobieski-als-alien
Very good video and story. Congratulations! A sad sign of time is that on the Kahlenberg hill in Vienna, from where the winged hussars charged, there is virtually no information about that. And the Vienna authorities have for years refused to consent to the erection of a monument to King Jan III Sobieski there ...
I enjoyed the video very much. Great story telling and graphics. Also love your sources (I have some of the books too), especially Eickhoff is phantastic. Keep up the great work!
I live in Vienna and 1683 is of course a very important part of our city's history. It is a real pleasure to watch such a well-researched and highly dramatic documentary. It would be great if you could also do a video of the lesser known first siege of 1529.
The substantive error resulting from the understatement is that Sobieski's troops (including hussars and tankers) were deployed not only on the right flank of the left and in the center, but the overwhelming forces were on the right flank. In addition, it should be said first about the attack of the hussars that were to explore the area (probably 1 army banner - 1 unit) sorry for my english
I've always thought that a good preparation for the sieges of the time would be to create a huge lake nearby that had the ability to flood the land in front of the city and fill a large moat system at the same time. Surely not overly hard to engineer with the right people and enough money. It could be used at the right time to wash away the field work and cannon of the attacking force and most big rich cities are near a decent sized river anyway so it should be possible to achieve.
@bentos11 dam! See I missed the bloody obvious... On a slightly more serious note they now think "horse" is a mistranslation or a euphemism used for ship. Which would actually make a whole lot more sense. I can actually see a winning force finding a ship left by the Greeks and not getting hugely suspicious. Say full of goods, food etc and it also actually offers places to hide unlike a horse.... I mean if I woke up to find a big bloody wooden horse left by the forces we'd just been fighting we'd be having a bonfire not bringing it in the City...
they would respond by constructing large, floating wooden horse, filled with soldiers... then citizens would pull it inside, and city would be captured... that's the reason why flooding tactics was used so rarely
Vienna: "We'll keep the coffee as compensation" And so a century long addiction started, and coffee culture swept over most of Europe. Who needs gold when you can have caffeine?
@Michail Kulischov Kafe at the battel of Konstantino-poop-o-up-lous-zotsky where they had a drink of Coffee and it made them coughing, therefore caffeine was inspired by the battle of Jimmy Kofa.
Rulers far from combat could be concerned with gold and other "riches" but siege armies were interested in food, water and other useful supplies like delicious brown seeds.
Congratulations. This was even better than Osprey's Vienna 1683. "As an instructor in tactics he preferred the case method as a vehicle for communicating his thoughts, because he believed that it is impossible for the word to make as strong an impression on the mind as a drawing, which describes everything at a glance that one must comprehend and at the same time eliminates much useless and tiresome verbiage.'" Jay Luvaas (Ed.): Frederick the Great on the Art of War, p. 172 Original quote in French: Comme il est impossible que la parole fasse d'aussi fortes impressions sur l'esprit que le dessin, qui représente tout à coup à l'œil ce que l'on doit concevoir, et qui abrége en même temps un long et ennuyeux verbiage, je donne ci-joint le plan de différents postes, avec les façons différentes de les attaquer. German translation: Da Worte nie so anschaulich wirken wie eine Zeichnung, die dem Auge alles Wissenswerte sofort darstellt und zugleich ein langes und langweiliges Gerede erspart, so gebe ich hier Pläne von verschiedenen Stellungen nebst den verschiedenen Angriffsarten. Perhaps one minor proposal when revising this presentation? According to Millar/Dennis, the luke-warm reaction by the besiegers to the relief forces' offensive was what really broke the back of the Turkish army at Vienna: Despite the fact that they were fully aware of what was going on on Kahlenberg Mountain, for several hours they simply failed to detach/concentrate sufficient forces to block the Allied advance.
Something should also be said about the imperial army that, after marching two days through a forest without provisions, just stormed through the janissaries and then stopped to wait for the hussars to arrive.
@Biały We Viennese know very well what Sobiesky did for Vienna! Politics are a fucking Minefield and it was really bad to see that Austria had to keep the Hungarians in Shackles for such a long time, because they kept stabbing the Habsburgs in the Back on any Occasion. It is still told in Schools History Classes that the Winged Husars helped Vienna in their most desperate Hours. And I am so sorry what my Countrymen did when they supported the NAZI Occupation of Poland and when they split up Poland. But much of what made Sobiesky help Vienna was Religious Belief symphaties and that Poland would have been next after Vienna. They where different Times, when Religion was more important to the People than Safety and being a respected Nation. Sobiesky clearly saw Advantages to help Vienna, most importantly the Pope's good Graces and the Loot he was able to take from the Turks. He did not split them with the Others despite the Fact that he was not the only one who saved VIenna and lost Soldiers. When he came back to Poland, he was rich and his Influence was basically trippled. That was more important to him than having a Statue in Vienna, believe me!
What I find really fascinating is that this could have been one of the last battles of the Pike and Shot era, I've noticed some units in the video in armor and carrying pikes, but most combat involving guns and smaller weapons. It is definitely around the time when guns began to take over though.
The evolution of weapons towards firearms - it was certainly well advanced by now. What is equally important, the importance of artillery has grown very strongly. The third element - the armies ceased to be noble. The conscription of peasants into the army began. The importance and number of infantry increased. However, there were still wars and maneuver battles with a large share of cavalry. Even in 1920, the Battle of Warsaw - was largely based on cavalry charges. And on both sides. And the sabres were still in the hands of the cavalry. Only motorised troops fully replaced the cavalry during World War II. In Poland at the beginning of the war we still had cavalry. But she didn't fight classically. It fought with armoured troops like infantry. Horses were used only for quick movement. Today we only have horses for parades. Even in Poland, which still loves horses today.
When I saw this pop up in my feed, I knew I'd have to watch it. I've been intending to learn more about this siege for over a decade, but hadn't quite gotten around to it. For an excellent fictional view, Neil Stephenson's Baroque Cycle describes it from the POV of an English mercenary. To me, the description of the trenches and tunnels (among other things) really brought it to life. I doubt they were really so large that a man could ride a horse through them, but, considering the amount of research Stephenson did for it, perhaps they really were large enough? Watching further, I see that this was pure fantasy...which is what I figured, but you never know, sometimes reality can be amazing. The character I'm referring to arrives about the same time as Jan Sobieski's army, and enters the tunnels while the Ottoman army is in disarray, looking for loot. He ends up with an Arabian stallion, Damascus sword, a woman, and feathers from someone's pet ostrich (quite valuable).
I heard of this one in primary school. Not in such detail in war affairs but the story is known. My country (Slovenia) is not so far away from Vienna and the Turks went ower this land first. Even where I live (north-west, mountain region), there were some hills meant for villagers of that time to run for if Turks come. Janichars (or however you spell this) were actually kids, taken by the Turks in them invasions and thought their ways back home in Turkey for military affairs. I think they didn't hade that bad life. Good stuff anyway and refreshing them history lessons.
@LiveForever Siege of Siget was the ispiration for Helms Deep (there it was played out with final charge of the defenders), secend siege of Wien was inspiration for Minas Tirith.
I wouldn't be surprised if they took inspiration out of this battle. Also, the siege of Paris was broken by a relief army in 885 like this, though smaller.
@h y what are you talking about? serbs have spoken "serbian" ; for far longer than you think. serbs are even older than hindus. and hindus have a 7000 year history. i can pull up so much shit. to make your head spin.
@SandRhoman History - could you make an episode on Ottoman battlefield tactics, their evolution, and how did they compare with the evolution of Western European tactics over time? Particularly in the introduction of firearms and cannons, it seems that the Ottomans were important players in the story early on...many thanks!
A thirty minutes long video? Thanks, this just made my day! Keep up the good work, I'm just about to start the video but I already know this will be good. :)
There was even a spanish regiment and also italians in the city. Especially the spanish were vital for the defence. There is a german book by Karl August Schimmer from around 1840 about the sieges of Vienna. It's i think the first where first hand sources are researched and brought together in a book. It's very entertaining because it recorded many of the individual deeds certain people did during the siege. It has many interesting details of about what happened in and outside the city druing the siege. It gives a pretty good insight in general of the cicumstances of the time and the siege itself. To bad it's only in german i think.
@Biały I found this on hungarian internet The Bulwark of Christendom - the Turkish Sieges of Vienna 1529 & 1683-The Sieges of Vienna by the Turks by Karl August Schimmer & The Great Siege of Vienna,1683 by Henry Elliot Malden with an extract from The Life of King John Sobieski by Count John Sobies Schimmer, Karl August - Malden, Henry Elliot - Sobieski, John LEONAUR, 2016 Írj véleményt elsőként!/ Be first with yuor opinion! Összefoglaló/Résumé The struggles for the city that saved Europe from the Ottoman Turkish Empire The battle between the Islamic east and the Christian west raged for centuries. Its principal battleground was eastern Europe and upon the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Western Europe was distanced from the fray, perhaps to the extent that its people rarely understood the sentiments of those who lived and fought on the perennial front line of a conflict which had the potential, if unchecked, to overwhelm every European nation. The conquering armies of the crescent banner frequently swept westward, but it was in Austria, before the walls of Vienna, that the machinations of Ottoman sultans were eventually confounded. The city was besieged on two notable occasions, both of which are graphically recounted in the pages of this book. This city, which became emblematic of music and romance in later, more peaceful times, was the bastion that hurled back the Turks from the West. On the second occasion Vienna was surrounded in 1683, John Sobieski, King of Poland, earned immortal fame after rescuing the besieged garrison by charging into the Turkish encampment at the head of his winged hussars. The dramatic story of that momentous action provides a riveting account which is also included in this unique Leonaur edition. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket. Price:14,525 Ft.
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll I am fully aware of that... you are reading only books by Germans with cherry-picked facts or completly fake stories otherwise some ugly and unwanted truths gonna come out and bite you into your oversized EGO. I can read Norman Davies books about Polish history, its not like in case of German people where you can find in non-german books skeletons hidden in every closet... You reading German writes(not even historian) and translating it into english to spread German version of "history" and in the same time Polish people translating English books of real historians into Polish and have fun reading it. So when you writing to me "historical polish hybris is all you have and drive on," you simply projecting your own German complexes into me. Any one can google "Boże igrzysko bestseller" and find out that this phrase is returning about 109,000 results... Your beloved Karl August Schimmer book was over 150 years after the battle => zero chance that he found some uknown eye witnes and writing his story. After so long even all grandchild's of any eye witnes of this siege would be also dead. So there was no chance that someone gonna say "sory my grandfather told me how it was and this story from your book is complete BS"... And after partition of Poland Germans and Russians made plenty of efford to produce fake stories about Poland. For example Catherine the Great wasted plenty of money on French writers/philosophers and in return they were producing twisted stories that was explaing to anyone silly enoght to believe them that free Poland would be a huge disaster not only for Russia or Germany but for whole Europe. 1846: "The Kraków Uprising of February 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence. The uprising was centered on the city of Kraków, the capital of a small state of Free City of Krakow. It was directed at the powers that partitioned Poland, in particular the nearby Austrian Empire." 1847: Karl August Schimmer writing "The Sieges of Vienna by the Turks" What a coincidence...
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Playground As you can see plenty of Polish editions of this book... Your beloved Karl August Schimmer? Not a single article about him in Polish internet, only one page is listing bookshops that can sell you his english versions of his book and isn't that strange that you can easly find this book in english even in Polish internet but there is no translation of that book into Polish and Polish not English speaking people were involved in that fight...
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll " the historical polish hybris is all you have and drive on, isn't it?" Nope i also like Turkish comments about Polish Winged Hussars for some strange reason they are not into this German game called "lets trow some crap on Poland and lets hope that something gonna stick"... Bye, have a nice day and dont read any non German books about German history you clearly will not gonna like it. ^^
This may not be the right channel for that, but an overview of the Turkish incursions into Styria and Carinthia as well as the hinterlands of Vienna during both Sieges of Vienna would be pretty awesome.
Sure it was albanian empire 🤣🤣🤣. The empire is turkish empire.. Turkish was dominant from begining to end. When they conquered New territories they settle turks there.. Benefiting from albanians, greeks, serbs don't make it non turks.. We lost this battle. Some turks trying to distinguish themselves from Ottoman history to look "europen" but No one give a fuck. Every balkan history book has dark Page called "Ottoman turk"
Having spent decades in academia studying the social history of most of Europe, I have had nothing but a passing interest in the military history - usually confined to the affects and aftermath, not the process. But having found your channel "by accident" while looking for something else, I have found a new interest in military strategy, particularly in sieges. I don't know for certain, but I will assume it has been awakened by your simple, but comprehensive presentation and explanations. I begin to perceive the elegance and magnificence of military strategy as influenced by personalities, as well as the consequences thereof. Thank you for sharing your interests and awakening a new area of study in me! I have begun to look forward to each new episode, often checking to see if I have missed a notification..........and thus, an addiction is born!
As a swedish history nut one does not love the hussars to much. However, I dont think there is a more powerful line in the entire warfare history than "Then the winged hussars arrived".
Wonderful job. My only complaint is that I have seen many videos about the battle of vienna, but very little about the 15 year long war that followed. Any chance we can get that?
Two comments , I visited a castle in Germany called the Eltz near Koblenz , the man who owned the castle fought in that war, in fact there was a saw tooth shark's bill on the wall that was used in that war.Also I went Hungary and visited Elizabeth where they fought in that war.
This account makes it clear that the much lauded winged hussars certainly did not win the battle alone. The imperial troops and various HRE troops had already pushed the Ottomans way back. The hussars merely made the victory sure. In my view the real credit goes to the dogged defenders for holding out so long and using every strategy to hold back the relentless attackers. I know the winged hussars enjoy a lot of fame and popularity but good perspective is important. The movie hardly gives any credit to the imperial troops, but then I believe it is a Polish movie. Charles of Lorraine did a great job raising an army too.
Of course they did not win alone, no single unit could. The final charge was only that -- a final, decisive blow to complete the victory. That's the hussars' job in most cases (the "impossible" victories we Poles love so much are a definitive minority of battles). The film is a joint production of Austrians, Poles, and Italians (curiously enough). Other than being historically incorrect, it's also just plain bad. The VFX are atrocious, the plot is not compelling at all, and there little details (like the incorrect date of September 11th in the title and dehumanisation of the Turks) that point to it being anti-Middle-Eastern in general. Overall, it's best to pay it no heed. No-one likes it, not even us Polish.
I think the people in vienna are the heroes. Sobieskis payment was that he revives the honor for the victory. Thats why everybody gives him so much credit. In reality most of the battle was done by the forces led by karl lothringen
At 25:49, this is a brilliant tactic. Sun Tzu said: "Attack when the enemy never suspected, taking the enemies off guard by surprise(攻其無備、出其不意)“. In 1939 German invasion of France and 1991 Gulf War, this tactic proved it's worth again and again. This video is way more interesting than the actual 2012 movie lol.
26:05 "Only very few artillery pieces could be brought along" I would have thought that anywhere that one or two could be dragged through, others could then be pulled through the same routes, in a long column.
I live about 100 Meters from the place where Kara Mustafas tent was standing - your map is quite accurate, respect! (The silk string served him right...)
@Der Wuerger Okay? Not trying to be mean, but I don't really care. It was a reference to the Lord of the Rings, i'm not here to argue or anything, there are plenty of other comments if you wish to flex with your historical knowledge
Fan Fact. Poland Street in London is named after "King of Poland" pub which was located there and was renamed in honor of John III Sobieski after the charge at Vienna
The stuff of LEGENDS! Watched the first siege video and thought it was awesome, but this one... victory plucked from the jaws of defeat! It seems even a bit poetic: the last time (not this battle, but the entire war) Christian forces united against the Ottomans as one or even the HRE bulking up their forces to fight!
Austria also signed defensive treaties with other German states of the Holy Roman Empire for example Bavaria and Saxony. It first signed the defensive treaty (against France and the Ottomans) with the Electorate of Bavaria on 26.01.1683. On 31.03.1683 Austria signed the treaty with Poland. The Elector of Bavaria Maximilian Emanuel II. came to the help of the Austrians during the Siege of Vienna with round about 11.000 Bavarian troops. The Bavarian Army as a standing army was founded in 1682 (with 7 regiments of infantry, 2 regiments of dragoons, 4 regiments of heavy cavalry and an artillery corps). Maximilian Emanuel II. supported the war against the Ottomans also in the following years with tens of thousands of Bavarian troops and commanded the HRE troops when they conquered Belgrade in 1688. He then had to redeploy his troops against France due to the start of the Nine Years War, which lasted from 1688 to 1697.
Gilmer They sent a mix of infantry and cavalry. Together the German states sent circa 21.500 infantry and 7.500 cavalry. They also sent some cannons, but I think most of them didn’t reach the battlefield due to the rough terrain.
Yes, a lot of German states sent infantry, and Bavaria sent a lot. Franconia, Swabia, Saxony, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt (if I get these names wrong, please forgive me and correct where needed).
Thanks for this! Not knowing much about this, I had always believed it was just the Winged Hussars who saved Vienna and never knew about the Duke of Lorraine.
Alenas Kvasninas they hadn't. they took over zaolzie as it was disputed between poland and the czechs for some time. beyond that, the area had a significant polish population. and even after the war, the czechs got it back anyhow
The defensive agreement was actually signed on 01/04/1683 (2:56) however because of a prevalent custom in Poland-Lithuania Republic that 1st of April is a day when you make jokes on people, it was believed to assign a false date to the document (31/03) in order to prevent any ideas that the agreement was another joke
@SandRhoman History I've learnt so much about the pike & shotte era which I barely ever knew about before thanks to your videos and for that I am genuinely thankful
Wonderful video. This siege was an epic one. The Ottoman's came very close to taking the city. This would make for an epic movie. Great job with the video.
Absolutely. The Ottoman prime minister leading the siege was Albanian and so was the family of prime ministers that ruled Ottoman Empire back than, Kuprulu family. It is said that if the Ottoman Empire would have taken Vienna in 1683 the Kuprulu Albanians that dominated Ottoman politics fron 1655 to 1711 would have replaced the Ottoman dynasty
Poland has suffered from several difficult years, in which it lost nearly 4,000,000 of its inhabitants due to wars, famines and epidemics, thousands of its villages were ravaged in what is known as the delugue, and it also suffered heavy defeats and heavy losses when the Turkish imperial army invaded it .. Austria and the Vatican helped Poland a lot during these difficult years: financially and militarily That is why Poland helped Austria
I see a piece of great job here. Leaving a like and a sub. But have to add just one thing to it - Polish king Jan III Sobieski went late because of delay from Lithuanian side (Lithuania was in union with Poland since XIV century) and he finaly decided to move on without those allied forces. They show up when battle was over, but luckily polish troops came in right time in to right place ;) Europe has been saved not slained by... hordes. Afer this fail Ottoman army was broken and never grow up so strong again. If Vienna fall that day next would be Rome...
@I need no channel youtube! Ottoman officials don't commit suicide. Where you gain this false information? Bearers of the execution order used to secretly reach officials and deliver the order of the execution. They used to bring soldiers with them as well in order to prevent opposition or escape of official who will be executed. In 1839, Grand Amiral of Ottoman Empire escaped with Ottoman Navy to rebellious governor of the Egypt due to afraid of death. In conclusion, wrongful executions and assassinations by state in Ottoman Empire damaged trust to government. Therefore in 1839, new Sultan Abdülmejid abolished extrajudicial executions.
The ottomans did have a practice comperable to this. If an official was sent in dispatch a silk string from the palace it was a warrant of execution, and an opportunity for honorable suicide. Otherwise the official was to be strangled with the string.
Another good video from you, as usual, thanks! (however, i think a litle correction is needed: He was called Thököly imre not Emeric Thököly. 1: in hungarian the first name is the secund, and the secund is the first 2: Idk in witch language Imre translates to Emeric)
Thank God for Kara Mustafa. An ambitious fool at the helm of the strongest army of the era. Mika Waltari wrote a fancy yarn about these events in his "The Adventurer". Don't mind the boring title, the rest of the work was better-translated. Together with its first part, "The Wanderer" (ugh) it collates a great and winding adventure for any and all fans of historical accuracy.
This was *not* the strongest army of the era. Ottoman forces weren't the most cutting edge even by then, and Louis XIV's France had the potential to mobilise three times as many soldiers. And that's soldiers, not soldiers *and* camp retinues, of which there were only around 110-140 thousand at Vienna.
Great video that I really enjoyed. But the map that you introduce at 6:20 is not pointing north. The Danube running from north to south at Vienna is more to the east of the city, the Wien running from west to east more to the south.
I wonder if this battle could have been Tolkien's inspiration for the siege of Minas Tirith? And the winged Hussars of Poland = the ridars of Rohan coming to their aid breaking the siege in the battle of Pelennor?
@Of Spear and Smoke I am aware, that the Rohirrim were based on Anglo-Saxon culture. However the movies picture them more like the Vikings ...... But - I talk about the battle of Pelennor, where Rohirrim rides to the aid of Minas Tirith, who is surrounded by orcs, like Vienna was sieged by the muslims in 1683. Here jan Sobiesky broke the siege and prevented the muslim turks to take Vienna - thus turning the tide that finally drove the turks out of Europe. That is not an allegory - but it might have been what Tolkien was inspired of. Being a historian, he used inspiration from ww1, old Norse culture, Finnish folktales - and many other historic events. He also uses the Corsairs - which were islamic pirats from turkey and the Barbary-coast, who terrorised the Mediterranean and Atlantic oceans until mid-19.th century. So the Poles may be credited with saving Europe from becoming islamic. Thank you, Poland!
@Of Spear and Smoke Yes, I didn't say the ghosts were at the battle, the ghosts removed the Umbar blockade which allowed reinforcement from other regions of Gondor to arrive by ship.
@demilung In the books, the Army of the Dead is released right after dealing with the Umbar corsairs. They do not participate in the battle of the Pelennor Fields.
No. Very unlikely. Rohan was based on Anglo-Saxon and Old English culture, never was there any quote by Tolkien to suggest that, and the man himself hated allegory. This is a myth we Poles love to propagate, though. I suppose it makes us feel all fuzzy inside.
And somewhat similarly, the battle was won by the infantry army arriving by sea after Aragorn and his ghost army removed the pirate blockade, but everyone remembers the riders, even though they didn't scream "Death" upon seeing the size of the enemy army out of optimism
They're outnumbered 15 to one And the battle's begun Then the winged hussars arrived Coming down the mountainside Then the winged hussars arrived Coming down they turned the tide
Fun fact: the then ottoman sultan mehmed 4 was nicknamed mehmed the hunter. He loved hunting so much that he was overthrown by the army in 1687 since he often neglected his duties.
The legend states that a pastry maker made one with the form of a crescent moon to commemorate and celebrate the ottoman's defeat. It would be brung to France by Marie Antoinette from Asutria and would become the "croissant" we all know to day. The word "viennoiserie" used in french so comes from Vienna and this victory !
Edit: Correction: Portugal should not be marked as part of the Spanish Hapsburg territory.
These videos try to be accurate, represent different researchers’ viewpoints and still be as entertaining as possible. If you think this is valuable content, then please consider donating over on Patreon. Link: www.patreon.com/sandrhomanhistory
Fjotolf was here.
Save Ukraine
@Omar K.B. 1
1683 - "those poles are really brave people, they helped us, our friends.
1772 - "Poland is divided by Austria,Russian and Prussia".
@Newyork 1992 Absurd claim that has nothing to do with historical reality that Poland had lil numbers of chances to encoun Ottomans. That your claim is wrong is illustrated by Poland's many wars against the Ottomans, which occurred due to the Polish Empire's competition with the Ottoman Empire in southern Europe. This has nothing to do with the topic and is completely irrelevant which empire should be the rightful successor of Roman empire, because neither Poland nor the Ottomans claim the Roman succession. The Hungarians, Albanians and Romanians are also completely irrelevant because of their complete inferiority to the Ottomans. They bravely defended themselves against the Ottomans but then failed and were occupied by the Ottomans.
@Polish Husaria anyway they don't have really could b same occurrences with venetians. While polish having lil numbers of chances to encounter ottoman. Cz there some frontmans like hungarian and albanian and Romanian.
Well let's talk about ,What empire should be the rightful succesor of roman empire.if we assumed they should be till today , Spanish,russian, ottoman,greek , french? Or?
@Newyork 1992 Your claims do not correspond to historical reality. Poland was an empire and Lithuania was part of the Polish empire. So the Lithuanians were not allies. Otherwise, the Polish Empire actually only fought against the Ottomans with the help of vassals and not with the help of allies. The fights together with the Habsburg allies were the exception.
The Hungarians could no longer be allies for Poland anyway because in the meantime they have become too weak
With Venice it was the other way around and Venice mostly fought against the Ottomans with the support of allies.
@Polish Husaria hell.haha just forgot Poland. Yea they had same degree with venetian ig u need oto read more. Venetian just sometimes got support like the polish as well some time and ever polish have long fellow commonwealth as Lithuanian and hungarian too.
Two of My ancestors were Winged Hussars at Vienna. They were minor nobility and were in the First Banner (First Company). My father has one of the szabla (saber). Niech żyje Polska!
My Brother! I as well have an ancestor who was with the Hussars at Vienna. It took me quite a good while to research and confirm that particular part of the family history. It was always passed down through us as a fact, and we just accepted it as such. Then I studied and became an historian and decided that I wanted to find out how legitimate that family story was. It turned out to be fairly accurate when all things considered.
I see a bit of ambivalence, tho im happy to hear support and a connection to our common heritage, I also see the red-black of Bandera (OUN/UPA) responsible for the Volhynian Genocide.
That is fucking awesome!!!
Gotta say, that's pretty cool. Hope ya doin well.
And after 112 years, the Austrians visited Krakow and, enchanted by its beauty, stayed there for almost 123 years ;)
Ten uśmiech na końcu jest nie na miejscu
@Brian Cullen
When you wrote Prussia, I thought you meant the real Prussians, not the Germans who genocided them and then took their name.
@Aska Martyr
Turkey was not a single nation either, it was part of the Ottoman Empire. Obviously an empire is more powerful than any single nation.
@Raghav Bhatnagar Thank you for your comments.
My house was built in 1620. I look at it and think to myself wow. My house was 63 years old when the siege of Vienna happened
I think of your house having a really severe black mold problem.😀
Do you still poop out the window?
Nice
@Giuseppe LoGiurato just visit vienna, there you will find many buildings that are verry old.
That is actually staggering, considering I thought that I live in an old german village house, built in 1880's.
For Sobieski, the fights against the Ottoman Empire had also personal, not only political or religious aspect.
His ancestor was Crown Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, whose last-stand fight, in battle of Cecora 1620, is well known in the history of Poland. Żólkiewski died in age of 72 with a saber in his hand as a hero defending the country's borders. Sobieski's mother taught her sons Latin on the example of the inscriptions covering the tomb of their great ancestor. The uncle and brother of king Jan were killed by Tatars. Jan himself was born in a castle surrounded by the raging Tatar invasion.
The fight against the Tatars and the Turks, one could say, was this man's destiny.
Except from the Battle of Vienna his other victories are little known to history enthusiasts in countries different than Poland. Among that victories are brilliant counter-raid around the city of Lwów against the overwhelming strength of Tatar raiders in 1672, and in the next year battle of Khotyn where the 40,000 Turkish army was literally annihilated.
Nevertheless, Sobieski didn't hate or prejudice his muslim enemies. He enjoyed a Janissary music and even had his own Janissary orchestra made of Turkish POW's.
Poles and Turks met each other for hundreds of years in trade, diplomacy and on many battlefields*, but they could respect each other, even as enemies.
*(probably first time in Battle of Kosovo 1389, where some Polish knights supported the Serbian army)
This is why modern disputes between countries in east and Western Europe are so complicated ! The boarder of one may have been the land of a different country or country’s and repeat over and over for thousands of years this also is the case for most of the world!!!
nie zrób kupy 😆
Polish in Battle of Kosovo?
First time I hear that one
@Cetus444 The Ottoman army was a cavalry-dominated army by the beginning, they continued this system even in the Battle of Mohaç, but this changed in the 1st and 2nd sieges of Vienna, Azaps and Janissaries replaced the Sipahis of Timar, the main striking force of the army, which increased the mobility and deterrent power of the army. broke, this cost the Ottomans very dearly. While reading the 2nd siege of Vienna, I saw that Jan Sobieski and his soldiers, who defeated the Ottoman army, were not taken to the city of Vienna (for fear of capturing the city) and that most of the soldiers perished from hunger, is this true in your sources?
Everybody gangsta untill the mountainside starts speaking polish.
@DugThatOutMyself everybody gangsta until the water speaks englisch with brittish accent 👀
Or when the snow starts whispering in Finnish
@DugThatOutMyself Everybody gangsta until the sea speak Portuguese.
I read this and started laughing so you got a thumbs up. Also because it took something like 40 to 1 odds and a joint attack form both Germany and Russia during WW2 to defeat the polish army lol. So when the mountains start speaking polish it's time to yeetus oneself out of there.
Gotta love how the infantry did 80% of the work but it's the winged hussars who achieved memetic levels of praise.
@Piotr Bratek " *They're distorting the story.* "
They tired, but they failed. The Winged Hussars are stealing this show once again.
@bakters Decisive in the battle was the line-breaking charge of the hussars. And whatever you write, these are the facts. 80% of the time it was infantry fighting. And what about this? A charge was enough and the battle was over. A meal was eaten in the vizier's tent. This is how the hussars fought. The infantry was clearing the foreground. She removed fences and fortifications. Without infantry, there would be no charge. Without the charge, there would be no victory. But it was the charge of the Khusari that routed the Ottomans. And to this day it hurts the Germans and Austrians. It hurts so much that in Vienna there is not a single monument reminiscent of Sobieski or the help of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth. But it's a shame for the Viennese and a shame for Austria. They're distorting the story.
@Aleksander Sokal After defeating the mighty Army of the Eastern Roman Empire, any idea why the Turks didn’t invade Italy, the centre of Christianity and the richest country in Europe ?
Who is remembered, who was lost before memory of them was yet plausible. Why?
I consider that disjunction to be the biggest leviathan sitting in the room called Human History: Why do we micro-parse every motive, every bowel movement of every king, and second-guess legendary generals down to the strategy of their middle initials and tactics of their sordid sex lives--while the hopes and potentials, memories of mothers and even of daughters loved but never conceived, memories of their stunning abilities, appalling agonies, their rampaging rapes and their two-second slaughters--all of soldiers and sailors, archers and slingers, frontline and infantry--once cherubic infants and rascal pals--now disassembled, bone by brain by blood, in the hundreds of millions, left to rot on every field of Earth, or ossify or liquify or fossilize in cold, silent marble oblivion?
Why is that question so rarely asked by anyone so empowered to answer?
Who are we if not the "Provixisse," those who alone could now ask or answer any question, because we alone, from the loins of war's fodder, live on?
@Aleksander Sokal Please work on your formatting skills a little. What you have to say is fascinating, but the way you have written it is extremely confusing to read due to its tiered paranthesis and lack of paragraphing.
I hope my constructive critique is helpful :)
The coolest part about this battle is that it really was like something out of a movie in a sense that the relief force arrived at literally the last possible moment. If they arrived a day later Vienna would've fallen
@Christophe Ripoll sobiekis charge used around 19000 horses, good try though.
@Christophe Ripoll Sobieski led 15,000; 3,000 of whom were Buffalo-Winged Hussars.
Not only Vienna but also Europe
@Captain Dred Maybe the largest charge by 1683. But the largest charge in history was led by Murat, during the Battle of Eylau with 10 000 to 12 000 French horsemen according to different sources.
"and Poland will answer"
*Theoden likes this element*
@Hans Von Mannschaft in their defense, the British squares were hidden in an area of low ground, so from the French view, they saw thin lines.
@Black Baron who told you that? I doubt it. There other battles where a siege is lifted by a relief army. I thought that battle was based of the battle of Nicopolis 1396, where the Serbian knights changed the battle and prevent the fall of Nicopolis. There were even ships in the river like in the movie.
But Austria doesn't answer when Poland calls for help. I wonder if Gondor has done that to Rohan.
@Berzelmayr wait what?!
Interesting tidbit: Just as a huge number of soldiers in the Ottoman army were Christians (Hungarian, and even English, French, German, and Dutch Protestants as well as Serbs and other Orthodox troops), one of the most effective elements in the Polish army were the Muslim Lipka Tatars. Once he got home after the Siege of Vienna, the Polish king happily ordered the building of mosques for his Lipka Tatar vassals.
Many of these mosques still stand today, and Muslim Lipka Tatar cavalrymen were still serving in the Polish army as late as World War Two, with new inductees into the Lipka Tatar lancer regiment swearing their oath of service in Islamic style. If I’m not mistaken, a monument to the Muslim Lipka Tatar cavalry was also unveiled some years ago in Poland.
Yeah they put straws on their helmets so they could be differentiated from the Ottoman Tatars. Show pretty well that those conflicts weren't really religious, but just political. As on the Ottoman side there were also many Christians fighting. Mainly Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and Hungarians.
I just checked .first partion was 1772...There was no Poland for 123 years .Only ottoman turks did not accepted partion and always recognised independent Poland!
@ERGUN YILDIZOGLU They took refuge in a lot of countries actually.
This is new info to me. I know Muslim kipchaks have had a long history in Eastern Europe but I never knew they fought the Ottomans on behalf of the Poles in this siege. The more you know...
It was not mentioned in video, but Sobieski delayed his departue from Poland because the lithuanian forces that were supposed to reinforce king's army did not arrive on time. That's why Sobieski brought only half of the force from PLC he promised.
Considering how relatively recent , large/long and potentially worldchanging The Sieges of Vienna were. The absence of the sieges from our schools history books especially in europe, is a mystery to me. Underated in every way !
The siege of Vienna is as important as WW1, because the entire fate of Europe hung in the balance. They planned to go on and conquer the rest of Europe.
@Taxtro 1620?
It really wasn't worldchanging at all. Even if the Turks had captured Vienna, they would have been driven back to Serbia just like in the original timeline. In fact, a Turkish victory would have solidified German and Polish resistance as the nobles would put their differences aside and fund a much larger Christian army
are u nuts what recent hahahhahah that was longg time ago hahaha man u are nuts
It wasn't worldchanging, there was a 15 year war that followed, which ended with a bigger battle where an ottoman army was caught while crossing a river. Don't forget, the french sided with the ottomans in this war.
I just realized where the expression "to undermine" comes from
Hahaha this wasnt the first time it was done but your right 100% it is where the term derives from
@AudieHolland I knew the OP's comment but didn't know this, thx
@The King in Yellow
Yeah, it was my contrived attempt at a joke, although, now that I've re-read it, it was way too wordy and poorly conceived. Sometimes I'm pretty good at sarcasm, but that was a fail.
@HighlanderNorth1 Nice try but you went to far. Titanium was not even known of in 1683. Probably shoulda went with coal or diamonds or mithril. You know, something more believable. :)
@roundedges2 Exactlius!
Awesome video! Gives a holistic view of the whole battle, not just that one epic arrival. I especially appreciate the inclusion of the story of Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, even though you butchered the name a bit. ;D
It would be also great to see a similar video (or two) about the battles of Chocim / Khotyn (Хотин) in 1621 and 1673, especially the first one, they deserve to get more attention in my opinion.
hej...ja tez jestem Artur M.
@bakters On him I wrote about him as if he would be alive, but his died in 2000 (Rest in Peace). Just to clear that up.
@Aleksander Sokal "Podhorodecki"
Never read him, but I'll have a look now, as you recommended his work.
@bakters I agree I have 4 of Radosław Sikoras books (two in physical copies) and they are very good. But also the "Bitwy Historyczne" series from Bellona are very good, excellent writers like Leszek Podhorodecki wrote many of their books and he is an expert on everything to do with Sobieski, Tatars, Ottomans and Oriental stuff generally.
@Aleksander Sokal "I have new information"
I knew of it by now, but thanks anyway. At least it's good to put it out here, so people can possibly learn, that 600 Hussars would charge against 10K+ of enemy, which included several thousands of their *elite* cavalry, not some random schmucks!
"Radosław Sikora"
He's the best when it comes to Hussars. It's just the truth. I'm reading through a book on Klushino battle by another guy, and this other guy is good too, but not on the same level.
Oh, how I wish we'd have the Winged Hussars holding guard in front of the presidential palace! Yesterday they put a picture of Żółkiewski on the wall of the palace due to 400th anniversary of his death at Cecora. Maybe the president could be warmed up to the idea somehow?
People would crowd-fund the living out of this project. Which would be needed, if we wanted to dress the soldiers up correctly.
Let's hope.
Very interesting, thank you.
Sadly, the sieges of Vienna were reduced to no more than a few boring sentences in history class so I knew very little, although many place names still reflect the ancient defensive works that lie beneath.
Fantastic content! Your academic rigor and focus on the Early Modern Era certainly fills a void. I only realized (thanks to your crediting historians) that one of my favorite books is from Christopher Duffy - "Siege Warfare". I haven't read the other historians you mention, but I can recommend Duffy as being as entertaining as your videos. Mentioning sources really separates "wheat from chaff" in history KZclip videos; it respects the "shoulders of giants" that spent lifetimes bent over the primary sources so we can be informed and entertained at our leisure.
WOW! I had read about this battle, but was a bit fuzzy on the details. This video really helped me understand what exactly went on, who was involved, and the structure of forts. Thank you so much for putting this together! I'm sharing it with a history class I'm teaching.
Loved it. I've studied this siege. Watched several videos. Heard many perspectives. Your compilation of info into a full documentary is a great success. You did that in a half hour production! Cheers! Thanks
This channel has great artwork in the videos, it gives us a much better idea of what happened compared to just maps like other channels. Excellent work SandRhoman History!
After describing the situation of Vienna in such detail, I hoped for the same when describing the battle. It is a pity, because there is something to talk about, the Turks made serious mistakes in their preparations to repel the relief, as well as in the battle itself. Kara mustafa ignored the advisers' suggestions to fortify Kahlenberg Hill, from where they were later fired upon by Allied artillery. The Turks neither noticed nor ignored the 6 km long belt of the forming Polish cavalry.
It is also worth adding that there were no Lithuanians for whom Sobieski was waiting, and finally he went without them, 10 thousand of them were already on their way to Krakow.
Tatars were supposed to harass and hold Polish army when they were passing the bridge but they just watched doing nothing. Quarrel between Tatar Khan and Kara Mustafa lead to their doom. Kara Mustafa did not want to give Tatars any artillery pieces. Also they should have started the siege late April or Early May.
yes, i was surprised no one was talking about this...
Rewatching this I realize the cooperation between Emperor Leopold and King Sobieski was even closer then I first thought. Emperor Leopold ceded overall command to Sobieski, but on the eve of battle Sobieski went with Leopold's plan. This flexibility must have trickled down and allowed the coalition of armies to work together as the did during the battle.
Technically I already knew the story of this siege from the Extra Credits series on it (great history channel in their own right, covers a lot of overlooked topics and events in an easily-digestible way). But I expected SandRhoman would give me a far more detailed and precise account of events, and I am not disappointed!
Love this and similar channels that do long format historical documentary style videos. Thanks for all the time, research, and video editing you do to bring us great content.
I keep thinking how overpowered hand grenades or mortar shells would be in the old times,
it turns out people had much more creative ideas and did the unthinkable. I never knew they dug trenches to reach the second wall or used miners to go under the castle.
Great content. Thank you
They used hand grenades back in 1683, of course not modern hand grenades, but for example they had hand grenades made out of glas filled with explosives.
sammlung.wienmuseum.at/objekt/340191-handgranate/
The brave relief army infantry did a lot of the brunt work, and the winged hussars delivered the coup de grâce. And no one can ignore the determined defenders of Vienna herself. A tragic, yet poetic event.
this was one of the most important battles in last 500 years
@Muhammed Yılmaz totally agree with You, sometimes it is treated as one, but spreaded across 3 days. In the second phase, imperial forces were located in the Centre and PL cavalery on the flanks that butchered fleeing Ottoman forces
@Maciej There is 2 battle of Parkany, in first one, Sobieski sought quick victory but his 5.000 army is ambushed and routed by 4-5.000 Ottoman Cavalry. In this battle, Sobieski almost died. In second battle, German Army reached Battlefield and annihilated Ottoman Army.
much more Turks were lost in the Battle of Párkány, that happen afterward of Vienna (also fun fact: Sobieski was quite a fatso and he almost died in this battle because a horse fell under him)
@Fred Lougee I know that France under Louis 14, muster 300.000 disciplined soldiers which is even larger than Ottoman Armies during Siege of Vienna. If Ottoman Army took Vienna and advanced through Germany, France would join war on the side of HRE and stop Ottoman expansion on West Europe. This balance of power is the reason why no state in 17th century Europe could seize large pieces of land except for minor territorial changes. Likewise, after the Ottomans lost all of Hungary to Austria, France declared war on the HRE in 1688, Austria had to send its entire army to the French front, thus preventing Ottomans losing more territory in Europe. Only Poland remained out of this balance of power, so Poland could not escape being divided.
Well-explained, thanks. Love your walking soldiers. Small omission methinks: You rightly explain that on 14th July Kara Mustafa demanded that the city surrender and that Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg refused, but you don't mention that only days before Starhemberg had received news of the mass slaughter at Perchtoldsdorf, a town south of Vienna, where the citizens submitted after surrender was similarly demanded of them but were all killed anyway - obviously Starhemberg dare not trust the Ottomans and due to their treachery at Perchtoldsdorf the Ottomans brought any misfortune at Vienna on themselves.
@Tolga TOSUN Info from my uni notes which were from various sources, but I've just looked it up at Wikipedia and it confirms, and that'd be somewhere to start for further research online.
It is very interesting information. If you know some sources mentioned what happened in Starhemberg, please, can you tell me? Based on the Ottoman military traditions, surrendered cities and castles are not plundered. Otherwise, soldiers have right to plunder the city for maximum three days (its up to the commander. For instance, when Mehmet II conquered Istanbul, he ordered to stop the plunder in the same day of the conquest), except buildings. Because they belong to the state.
In Poland, we call the Battle of Vienna the Vienna Relief. It was the second military aid provided to Austria by the Polish Kingdom. The battle fought on November 22-23, 1619 between the Polish Lisowczycy (also an interesting formation of the Mercenaries, who were perhaps better trained by HUSSARI) and the Transylvanian army. There, the Polish army showed their effectiveness again, it is interesting that the Lisowczycy did not receive their pay from the king, their payment was what they robbed. They could take all the looted things only on a horse which they could not move and did not have horse carts on. In Germany, unkind children were threatened with this because the Lisowczycy will come and take you hahahhahaah
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisowczycy
The payment was that he gets the honor of victory. The german, venice(not vienna) and austrian forces beat the ottomans and the hussars just delivered the final blow when the enemy was already basically defeated. Then the polish were looting the enemy camp while the emperors army had to wait their turn. How much more payment does a simple polish king need then his name being remembered for ages to come? Especially since he didnt even have to actually sacrifice his men cause there was no need to. Absolute win/win situation
As an Austrian I've been eagerly awaiting this. Thanks!
Mir taugt es wie einer der Soldaten einen Satz mit "oida" anfängt.
@MaxMagnus thats where mozart got the turkish march influence ideas interesting also
Egon Erwin Zwiebelkuchen Des hingegen isch aber a wagse Red Pill.
Egon Erwin Zwiebelkuchen Sorry for beeing late. Vienna has a population of 1.8 mil. 20.000 doesn't seem to be that big of a deal.
@Nriedrich Fietzsche Actually, no one knows the true reason why the building of the monument was stopped. One should not believe the typical FPÖ propaganda. It is entirely possible that the planned monument is simply too ugly. Looking at this picture, I am very thankful that this monument will never be erected.
www.derstandard.at/story/2000087080365/sobieski-als-alien
Very good video and story. Congratulations! A sad sign of time is that on the Kahlenberg hill in Vienna, from where the winged hussars charged, there is virtually no information about that. And the Vienna authorities have for years refused to consent to the erection of a monument to King Jan III Sobieski there ...
Monuments are overrated anyway
I enjoyed the video very much. Great story telling and graphics. Also love your sources (I have some of the books too), especially Eickhoff is phantastic. Keep up the great work!
I live in Vienna and 1683 is of course a very important part of our city's history. It is a real pleasure to watch such a well-researched and highly dramatic documentary.
It would be great if you could also do a video of the lesser known first siege of 1529.
@Gökhan Çelik if but talks hahahha ulan
Az ama en önemlisi oydu ilk kuşatma başarılı olsaydı suan baska bır dünya vardı
The substantive error resulting from the understatement is that Sobieski's troops (including hussars and tankers) were deployed not only on the right flank of the left and in the center, but the overwhelming forces were on the right flank. In addition, it should be said first about the attack of the hussars that were to explore the area (probably 1 army banner - 1 unit)
sorry for my english
I've always thought that a good preparation for the sieges of the time would be to create a huge lake nearby that had the ability to flood the land in front of the city and fill a large moat system at the same time. Surely not overly hard to engineer with the right people and enough money. It could be used at the right time to wash away the field work and cannon of the attacking force and most big rich cities are near a decent sized river anyway so it should be possible to achieve.
@bentos11 dam! See I missed the bloody obvious...
On a slightly more serious note they now think "horse" is a mistranslation or a euphemism used for ship. Which would actually make a whole lot more sense.
I can actually see a winning force finding a ship left by the Greeks and not getting hugely suspicious. Say full of goods, food etc and it also actually offers places to hide unlike a horse....
I mean if I woke up to find a big bloody wooden horse left by the forces we'd just been fighting we'd be having a bonfire not bringing it in the City...
they would respond by constructing large, floating wooden horse, filled with soldiers... then citizens would pull it inside, and city would be captured... that's the reason why flooding tactics was used so rarely
Vienna: "We'll keep the coffee as compensation"
And so a century long addiction started, and coffee culture swept over most of Europe. Who needs gold when you can have caffeine?
@Süleyman Siverekli "wikipedia confirms this" what a 🤡
@Michail Kulischov Kafe at the battel of Konstantino-poop-o-up-lous-zotsky where they had a drink of Coffee and it made them coughing, therefore caffeine was inspired by the battle of Jimmy Kofa.
@نواف السليمان I donut know what is who lie. But you are all wrong, I am right :)
@نواف السليمان Thank you for the numbers. Couldn't pass accounting without them!
Rulers far from combat could be concerned with gold and other "riches" but siege armies were interested in food, water and other useful supplies like delicious brown seeds.
Congratulations. This was even better than Osprey's Vienna 1683.
"As an instructor in tactics he preferred the case method as a vehicle for communicating his thoughts, because he believed that it is impossible for the word to make as strong an impression on the mind as a drawing, which describes everything at a glance that one must comprehend and at the same time eliminates much useless and tiresome verbiage.'" Jay Luvaas (Ed.): Frederick the Great on the Art of War, p. 172
Original quote in French:
Comme il est impossible que la parole fasse d'aussi fortes impressions sur l'esprit que le dessin, qui représente tout à coup à l'œil ce que l'on doit concevoir, et qui abrége en même temps un long et ennuyeux verbiage, je donne ci-joint le plan de différents postes, avec les façons différentes de les attaquer.
German translation:
Da Worte nie so anschaulich wirken wie eine Zeichnung, die dem Auge alles Wissenswerte sofort darstellt und zugleich ein langes und langweiliges Gerede erspart, so gebe ich hier Pläne von verschiedenen Stellungen nebst den verschiedenen Angriffsarten.
Perhaps one minor proposal when revising this presentation? According to Millar/Dennis, the luke-warm reaction by the besiegers to the relief forces' offensive was what really broke the back of the Turkish army at Vienna: Despite the fact that they were fully aware of what was going on on Kahlenberg Mountain, for several hours they simply failed to detach/concentrate sufficient forces to block the Allied advance.
Something should also be said about the imperial army that, after marching two days through a forest without provisions, just stormed through the janissaries and then stopped to wait for the hussars to arrive.
@Ranyl Yeah in 1772 were first partition of Poland but what it have to do with siege of Viena?
@swietoslaw poland was easily defeated not even 100 years later if I remember correctly.
@swietoslaw that's why they were late for a fortnight
after all Vienna was the Habsburg capital, and a Habsburg was Emperor of the old Reich
@Biały We Viennese know very well what Sobiesky did for Vienna! Politics are a fucking Minefield and it was really bad to see that Austria had to keep the Hungarians in Shackles for such a long time, because they kept stabbing the Habsburgs in the Back on any Occasion. It is still told in Schools History Classes that the Winged Husars helped Vienna in their most desperate Hours. And I am so sorry what my Countrymen did when they supported the NAZI Occupation of Poland and when they split up Poland. But much of what made Sobiesky help Vienna was Religious Belief symphaties and that Poland would have been next after Vienna. They where different Times, when Religion was more important to the People than Safety and being a respected Nation. Sobiesky clearly saw Advantages to help Vienna, most importantly the Pope's good Graces and the Loot he was able to take from the Turks. He did not split them with the Others despite the Fact that he was not the only one who saved VIenna and lost Soldiers. When he came back to Poland, he was rich and his Influence was basically trippled. That was more important to him than having a Statue in Vienna, believe me!
What I find really fascinating is that this could have been one of the last battles of the Pike and Shot era, I've noticed some units in the video in armor and carrying pikes, but most combat involving guns and smaller weapons. It is definitely around the time when guns began to take over though.
The evolution of weapons towards firearms - it was certainly well advanced by now. What is equally important, the importance of artillery has grown very strongly. The third element - the armies ceased to be noble. The conscription of peasants into the army began. The importance and number of infantry increased. However, there were still wars and maneuver battles with a large share of cavalry. Even in 1920, the Battle of Warsaw - was largely based on cavalry charges. And on both sides. And the sabres were still in the hands of the cavalry. Only motorised troops fully replaced the cavalry during World War II. In Poland at the beginning of the war we still had cavalry. But she didn't fight classically. It fought with armoured troops like infantry. Horses were used only for quick movement.
Today we only have horses for parades. Even in Poland, which still loves horses today.
Love to Austria from Greece.
Glory to civilization.
When I saw this pop up in my feed, I knew I'd have to watch it. I've been intending to learn more about this siege for over a decade, but hadn't quite gotten around to it.
For an excellent fictional view, Neil Stephenson's Baroque Cycle describes it from the POV of an English mercenary. To me, the description of the trenches and tunnels (among other things) really brought it to life. I doubt they were really so large that a man could ride a horse through them, but, considering the amount of research Stephenson did for it, perhaps they really were large enough? Watching further, I see that this was pure fantasy...which is what I figured, but you never know, sometimes reality can be amazing. The character I'm referring to arrives about the same time as Jan Sobieski's army, and enters the tunnels while the Ottoman army is in disarray, looking for loot. He ends up with an Arabian stallion, Damascus sword, a woman, and feathers from someone's pet ostrich (quite valuable).
I heard of this one in primary school. Not in such detail in war affairs but the story is known. My country (Slovenia) is not so far away from Vienna and the Turks went ower this land first. Even where I live (north-west, mountain region), there were some hills meant for villagers of that time to run for if Turks come. Janichars (or however you spell this) were actually kids, taken by the Turks in them invasions and thought their ways back home in Turkey for military affairs. I think they didn't hade that bad life. Good stuff anyway and refreshing them history lessons.
The battle for Minas Tirith in real life.
Truly staggering
@LiveForever Siege of Siget was the ispiration for Helms Deep (there it was played out with final charge of the defenders), secend siege of Wien was inspiration for Minas Tirith.
I wouldn't be surprised if they took inspiration out of this battle. Also, the siege of Paris was broken by a relief army in 885 like this, though smaller.
@LiveForever Did you read the books? It seems you have seen only the movies...
Nope. This is the battle of Helms deep. Siege of Belgrade in 1456 was Minas Tirith thing.
Moral of the story:
Siege warfare sucks.
@DM who are those arabs lol im so confused
@ChickenMcThiccken really? Could you please tell me what are the massive issues?
@h y what are you talking about? serbs have spoken "serbian" ; for far longer than you think. serbs are even older than hindus. and hindus have a 7000 year history. i can pull up so much shit. to make your head spin.
@SandRhoman History - could you make an episode on Ottoman battlefield tactics, their evolution, and how did they compare with the evolution of Western European tactics over time? Particularly in the introduction of firearms and cannons, it seems that the Ottomans were important players in the story early on...many thanks!
A thirty minutes long video? Thanks, this just made my day! Keep up the good work, I'm just about to start the video but I already know this will be good. :)
This is the first video I have seen that goes in depth into the siege. Very well done, thank you!
There was even a spanish regiment and also italians in the city. Especially the spanish were vital for the defence. There is a german book by Karl August Schimmer from around 1840 about the sieges of Vienna. It's i think the first where first hand sources are researched and brought together in a book.
It's very entertaining because it recorded many of the individual deeds certain people did during the siege. It has many interesting details of about what happened in and outside the city druing the siege. It gives a pretty good insight in general of the cicumstances of the time and the siege itself. To bad it's only in german i think.
@Biały I found this on hungarian internet
The Bulwark of Christendom - the Turkish Sieges of Vienna 1529 & 1683-The Sieges of Vienna by the Turks by Karl August Schimmer & The Great Siege of Vienna,1683 by Henry Elliot Malden with an extract from The Life of King John Sobieski by Count John Sobies
Schimmer, Karl August - Malden, Henry Elliot - Sobieski, John
LEONAUR, 2016
Írj véleményt elsőként!/ Be first with yuor opinion!
Összefoglaló/Résumé
The struggles for the city that saved Europe from the Ottoman Turkish Empire The battle between the Islamic east and the Christian west raged for centuries. Its principal battleground was eastern Europe and upon the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Western Europe was distanced from the fray, perhaps to the extent that its people rarely understood the sentiments of those who lived and fought on the perennial front line of a conflict which had the potential, if unchecked, to overwhelm every European nation. The conquering armies of the crescent banner frequently swept westward, but it was in Austria, before the walls of Vienna, that the machinations of Ottoman sultans were eventually confounded. The city was besieged on two notable occasions, both of which are graphically recounted in the pages of this book. This city, which became emblematic of music and romance in later, more peaceful times, was the bastion that hurled back the Turks from the West. On the second occasion Vienna was surrounded in 1683, John Sobieski, King of Poland, earned immortal fame after rescuing the besieged garrison by charging into the Turkish encampment at the head of his winged hussars. The dramatic story of that momentous action provides a riveting account which is also included in this unique Leonaur edition. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket.
Price:14,525 Ft.
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll I am fully aware of that... you are reading only books by Germans with cherry-picked facts or completly fake stories otherwise some ugly and unwanted truths gonna come out and bite you into your oversized EGO.
I can read Norman Davies books about Polish history, its not like in case of German people where you can find in non-german books skeletons hidden in every closet... You reading German writes(not even historian) and translating it into english to spread German version of "history" and in the same time Polish people translating English books of real historians into Polish and have fun reading it.
So when you writing to me "historical polish hybris is all you have and drive on," you simply projecting your own German complexes into me.
Any one can google "Boże igrzysko bestseller" and find out that this phrase is returning about 109,000 results...
Your beloved Karl August Schimmer book was over 150 years after the battle => zero chance that he found some uknown eye witnes and writing his story. After so long even all grandchild's of any eye witnes of this siege would be also dead. So there was no chance that someone gonna say "sory my grandfather told me how it was and this story from your book is complete BS"...
And after partition of Poland Germans and Russians made plenty of efford to produce fake stories about Poland.
For example Catherine the Great wasted plenty of money on French writers/philosophers and in return they were producing twisted stories that was explaing to anyone silly enoght to believe them that free Poland would be a huge disaster not only for Russia or Germany but for whole Europe.
1846: "The Kraków Uprising of February 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence. The uprising was centered on the city of Kraków, the capital of a small state of Free City of Krakow. It was directed at the powers that partitioned Poland, in particular the nearby Austrian Empire."
1847: Karl August Schimmer writing "The Sieges of Vienna by the Turks"
What a coincidence...
@Biały Come down man. Polish internet means nothing to me.
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s_Playground
As you can see plenty of Polish editions of this book...
Your beloved Karl August Schimmer? Not a single article about him in Polish internet, only one page is listing bookshops that can sell you his english versions of his book and isn't that strange that you can easly find this book in english even in Polish internet but there is no translation of that book into Polish and Polish not English speaking people were involved in that fight...
@Ungeimpfter Russlandtroll " the historical polish hybris is all you have and drive on, isn't it?" Nope i also like Turkish comments about Polish Winged Hussars for some strange reason they are not into this German game called "lets trow some crap on Poland and lets hope that something gonna stick"...
Bye, have a nice day and dont read any non German books about German history you clearly will not gonna like it. ^^
Wow, absolutely love the presentation and art style of your video. I love the movement and animations. Absolutely fantastic. You've gained a sub.
This may not be the right channel for that, but an overview of the Turkish incursions into Styria and Carinthia as well as the hinterlands of Vienna during both Sieges of Vienna would be pretty awesome.
@KUSTURUCU no
@Alias Anybody Danke.
@Captain Dred
*Steiermark, Kärnten
Sure it was albanian empire 🤣🤣🤣. The empire is turkish empire.. Turkish was dominant from begining to end. When they conquered New territories they settle turks there.. Benefiting from albanians, greeks, serbs don't make it non turks.. We lost this battle. Some turks trying to distinguish themselves from Ottoman history to look "europen" but No one give a fuck. Every balkan history book has dark Page called "Ottoman turk"
@Berzelmayr Styria and Carinthia are provinces of Austria on the eastern side. In German, they are called Steirmarch and Kartnen.
Having spent decades in academia studying the social history of most of Europe, I have had nothing but a passing interest in the military history - usually confined to the affects and aftermath, not the process. But having found your channel "by accident" while looking for something else, I have found a new interest in military strategy, particularly in sieges. I don't know for certain, but I will assume it has been awakened by your simple, but comprehensive presentation and explanations. I begin to perceive the elegance and magnificence of military strategy as influenced by personalities, as well as the consequences thereof. Thank you for sharing your interests and awakening a new area of study in me! I have begun to look forward to each new episode, often checking to see if I have missed a notification..........and thus, an addiction is born!
Very brave men defending the city. Very brave hussars to assist!
As a swedish history nut one does not love the hussars to much. However, I dont think there is a more powerful line in the entire warfare history than "Then the winged hussars arrived".
@Of Spear and Smoke Husaria=wind husars. Klusino Rusland.
@Bohun Bohun Hussars is the literal English translation of "husarze", what do you mean? And how is the battle of Klushino relevant?
Not hussars. This husaria.
1610 yers 2500 Polisch husaria and 200 solgers. VS 35000 Rusian and Sweden. Victory Polisch.
Its fuxkin bad ass for sure - Deus Vult!
you are right - there is not
Wonderful job. My only complaint is that I have seen many videos about the battle of vienna, but very little about the 15 year long war that followed. Any chance we can get that?
It´s astonishing how thrilling this video was although everybody already knows the outcome of that famous battle- Kudos for authors of this channel👍
This channel is so underrated.
Cuz they're copying Kings and Generals
Better to be underrated than undermined. C'mon man.
On this day, March Fifteenth, Two-Thousand-and-Twenty, I give to thee your four hundreth like.
@Aska Martyr what
Your videos are truly a 1 of a kind, very well done, if you and Invicta or Kings and Generals did a collab it would be amazing.
Man this is top notch! Really really well done mate, i enjoy every second of your videos.
Two comments , I visited a castle in Germany called the Eltz near Koblenz , the man who owned the castle fought in that war, in fact there was a saw tooth shark's bill on the wall that was used in that war.Also I went Hungary and visited Elizabeth where they fought in that war.
This account makes it clear that the much lauded winged hussars certainly did not win the battle alone. The imperial troops and various HRE troops had already pushed the Ottomans way back. The hussars merely made the victory sure. In my view the real credit goes to the dogged defenders for holding out so long and using every strategy to hold back the relentless attackers. I know the winged hussars enjoy a lot of fame and popularity but good perspective is important. The movie hardly gives any credit to the imperial troops, but then I believe it is a Polish movie. Charles of Lorraine did a great job raising an army too.
Of course they did not win alone, no single unit could. The final charge was only that -- a final, decisive blow to complete the victory. That's the hussars' job in most cases (the "impossible" victories we Poles love so much are a definitive minority of battles).
The film is a joint production of Austrians, Poles, and Italians (curiously enough). Other than being historically incorrect, it's also just plain bad. The VFX are atrocious, the plot is not compelling at all, and there little details (like the incorrect date of September 11th in the title and dehumanisation of the Turks) that point to it being anti-Middle-Eastern in general. Overall, it's best to pay it no heed. No-one likes it, not even us Polish.
Thank you Poland, you saved us all from the scourge.
@Richest Man In Tatooine Who gives a crap...
@Ranyl Well, we won and they lost, that's the important thing.
I think the people in vienna are the heroes. Sobieskis payment was that he revives the honor for the victory. Thats why everybody gives him so much credit. In reality most of the battle was done by the forces led by karl lothringen
You guys produce amazing content. Thank you.
It’s also considered by a lot of people the last true medieval battle/siege
At 25:49, this is a brilliant tactic. Sun Tzu said: "Attack when the enemy never suspected, taking the enemies off guard by surprise(攻其無備、出其不意)“.
In 1939 German invasion of France and 1991 Gulf War, this tactic proved it's worth again and again.
This video is way more interesting than the actual 2012 movie lol.
Sun Tzu: "When in war, try to defeat enemy."
Such a wise man
26:05 "Only very few artillery pieces could be brought along"
I would have thought that anywhere that one or two could be dragged through, others could then be pulled through the same routes, in a long column.
I live about 100 Meters from the place where Kara Mustafas tent was standing - your map is quite accurate, respect!
(The silk string served him right...)
This story always makes me proud of my country
The message has been sent! Austria calls for aid!
@pittnyc1 ZAOLZIE IS POLISH! YOU ARE FROM CHECHIA?
@pittnyc1
I AM SO S0RRY P0LAND!!!
WARMTH L0VE FOR P0LAND!!!
AND P0LAND W!LL L!BERATE S!EGE OF V!ENNA!!!
And my Axe!!
@Der Wuerger Okay? Not trying to be mean, but I don't really care. It was a reference to the Lord of the Rings, i'm not here to argue or anything, there are plenty of other comments if you wish to flex with your historical knowledge
Fan Fact. Poland Street in London is named after "King of Poland" pub which was located there and was renamed in honor of John III Sobieski after the charge at Vienna
I hope you'll do a video about the first siege as well, everyone knows about the second siege but the first one is somewhat forgotten in comparison.
The stuff of LEGENDS! Watched the first siege video and thought it was awesome, but this one... victory plucked from the jaws of defeat!
It seems even a bit poetic: the last time (not this battle, but the entire war) Christian forces united against the Ottomans as one or even the HRE bulking up their forces to fight!
"There is no time to lose My Lord, no time to lose at all" said he when the wall under his feet was ready to explode..
Absolutely great presentation. And congratulation on almost perfect pronunciation of foreign names.
Thanks man!
Austria also signed defensive treaties with other German states of the Holy Roman Empire for example Bavaria and Saxony.
It first signed the defensive treaty (against France and the Ottomans) with the Electorate of Bavaria on 26.01.1683.
On 31.03.1683 Austria signed the treaty with Poland.
The Elector of Bavaria Maximilian Emanuel II. came to the help of the Austrians during the Siege of Vienna with round about 11.000 Bavarian troops.
The Bavarian Army as a standing army was founded in 1682 (with 7 regiments of infantry, 2 regiments of dragoons, 4 regiments of heavy cavalry and an artillery corps).
Maximilian Emanuel II. supported the war against the Ottomans also in the following years with tens of thousands of Bavarian troops and commanded the HRE troops when they conquered Belgrade in 1688.
He then had to redeploy his troops against France due to the start of the Nine Years War, which lasted from 1688 to 1697.
Gilmer
They sent a mix of infantry and cavalry.
Together the German states sent circa 21.500 infantry and 7.500 cavalry.
They also sent some cannons, but I think most of them didn’t reach the battlefield due to the rough terrain.
Yes, a lot of German states sent infantry, and Bavaria sent a lot. Franconia, Swabia, Saxony, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt (if I get these names wrong, please forgive me and correct where needed).
Thanks for this!
Not knowing much about this, I had always believed it was just the Winged Hussars who saved Vienna and never knew about the Duke of Lorraine.
Alenas Kvasninas they hadn't. they took over zaolzie as it was disputed between poland and the czechs for some time. beyond that, the area had a significant polish population. and even after the war, the czechs got it back anyhow
That is what the Poles would like us all to think.
Few more decades and there will be no Polish King or Winged Hussars in this story... just wait.
The defensive agreement was actually signed on 01/04/1683 (2:56) however because of a prevalent custom in Poland-Lithuania Republic that 1st of April is a day when you make jokes on people, it was believed to assign a false date to the document (31/03) in order to prevent any ideas that the agreement was another joke
What an epic video, as always, thank you for your content!
@SandRhoman History I've learnt so much about the pike & shotte era which I barely ever knew about before thanks to your videos and for that I am genuinely thankful
Nice to hear that! Thanks!
As Sabaton tells it: Then the Winged Hussars arrived!
WE REMEMBER
IN SEPTEMBER
WHEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED!
Rabbit 1000a they died, but not from laugher
The animations are perfect! More ottoman history would be great!
Quality content. Keep up good work!
wow- awesome job! Thanks for the effort you put into this.
Wonderful video. This siege was an epic one. The Ottoman's came very close to taking the city. This would make for an epic movie. Great job with the video.
Absolutely. The Ottoman prime minister leading the siege was Albanian and so was the family of prime ministers that ruled Ottoman Empire back than, Kuprulu family. It is said that if the Ottoman Empire would have taken Vienna in 1683 the Kuprulu Albanians that dominated Ottoman politics fron 1655 to 1711 would have replaced the Ottoman dynasty
The next time in my life when I am in a very difficult situation and I see no way out, I will say to myself , “where are my winged hussars ?”
Poland has suffered from several difficult years, in which it lost nearly 4,000,000 of its inhabitants due to wars, famines and epidemics, thousands of its villages were ravaged in what is known as the delugue, and it also suffered heavy defeats and heavy losses when the Turkish imperial army invaded it .. Austria and the Vatican helped Poland a lot during these difficult years: financially and militarily
That is why Poland helped Austria
I see a piece of great job here. Leaving a like and a sub. But have to add just one thing to it - Polish king Jan III Sobieski went late because of delay from Lithuanian side (Lithuania was in union with Poland since XIV century) and he finaly decided to move on without those allied forces. They show up when battle was over, but luckily polish troops came in right time in to right place ;) Europe has been saved not slained by... hordes. Afer this fail Ottoman army was broken and never grow up so strong again. If Vienna fall that day next would be Rome...
Kara Mustafa Pasha gets letter from the Sultan.
Letter reads: "You have failed me for the last time"
Kara Mustafa then force chokes to death
He didn't order him to retreat from the siege, kinda just blaming the guy for the lose.
@I need no channel youtube! Ottoman officials don't commit suicide. Where you gain this false information? Bearers of the execution order used to secretly reach officials and deliver the order of the execution. They used to bring soldiers with them as well in order to prevent opposition or escape of official who will be executed. In 1839, Grand Amiral of Ottoman Empire escaped with Ottoman Navy to rebellious governor of the Egypt due to afraid of death. In conclusion, wrongful executions and assassinations by state in Ottoman Empire damaged trust to government. Therefore in 1839, new Sultan Abdülmejid abolished extrajudicial executions.
The ottomans did have a practice comperable to this.
If an official was sent in dispatch a silk string from the palace it was a warrant of execution, and an opportunity for honorable suicide. Otherwise the official was to be strangled with the string.
@Shahjahan Masood Gandalf was Obi wan
@Edelweiss lmao what
Another good video from you, as usual, thanks!
(however, i think a litle correction is needed: He was called Thököly imre not Emeric Thököly. 1: in hungarian the first name is the secund, and the secund is the first
2: Idk in witch language Imre translates to Emeric)
What an absolutely desperate race against time. Great video, man. Thank you.
Halting an empire from the east.
6:56 Digging in.
12:00 Crumbling under the pressure.
26:16 Reinforcements arrive.
Thank God for Kara Mustafa. An ambitious fool at the helm of the strongest army of the era.
Mika Waltari wrote a fancy yarn about these events in his "The Adventurer". Don't mind the boring title, the rest of the work was better-translated. Together with its first part, "The Wanderer" (ugh) it collates a great and winding adventure for any and all fans of historical accuracy.
This was *not* the strongest army of the era. Ottoman forces weren't the most cutting edge even by then, and Louis XIV's France had the potential to mobilise three times as many soldiers. And that's soldiers, not soldiers *and* camp retinues, of which there were only around 110-140 thousand at Vienna.
23:16 Most epic Tower Defense duel ever.
Glory to the defenders of the siege!
Great video that I really enjoyed. But the map that you introduce at 6:20 is not pointing north. The Danube running from north to south at Vienna is more to the east of the city, the Wien running from west to east more to the south.
Your animations are getting better with every single video. Amazing
I wonder if this battle could have been Tolkien's inspiration for the siege of Minas Tirith? And the winged Hussars of Poland = the ridars of Rohan coming to their aid breaking the siege in the battle of Pelennor?
@Of Spear and Smoke I am aware, that the Rohirrim were based on Anglo-Saxon culture. However the movies picture them more like the Vikings ......
But - I talk about the battle of Pelennor, where Rohirrim rides to the aid of Minas Tirith, who is surrounded by orcs, like Vienna was sieged by the muslims in 1683.
Here jan Sobiesky broke the siege and prevented the muslim turks to take Vienna - thus turning the tide that finally drove the turks out of Europe.
That is not an allegory - but it might have been what Tolkien was inspired of.
Being a historian, he used inspiration from ww1, old Norse culture, Finnish folktales - and many other historic events.
He also uses the Corsairs - which were islamic pirats from turkey and the Barbary-coast, who terrorised the Mediterranean and Atlantic oceans until mid-19.th century.
So the Poles may be credited with saving Europe from becoming islamic.
Thank you, Poland!
@Of Spear and Smoke Yes, I didn't say the ghosts were at the battle, the ghosts removed the Umbar blockade which allowed reinforcement from other regions of Gondor to arrive by ship.
@demilung In the books, the Army of the Dead is released right after dealing with the Umbar corsairs. They do not participate in the battle of the Pelennor Fields.
No. Very unlikely. Rohan was based on Anglo-Saxon and Old English culture, never was there any quote by Tolkien to suggest that, and the man himself hated allegory. This is a myth we Poles love to propagate, though. I suppose it makes us feel all fuzzy inside.
And somewhat similarly, the battle was won by the infantry army arriving by sea after Aragorn and his ghost army removed the pirate blockade, but everyone remembers the riders, even though they didn't scream "Death" upon seeing the size of the enemy army out of optimism
"Stand by for Sabaton references by the bucket load."
Canonballs are fallin out from the sky
Janniserry's are you ready to die 💪
NOCH EIN BEIR
Dann kamen die geflügelten Husaren an.
They're outnumbered 15 to one
And the battle's begun
Then the winged hussars arrived
Coming down the mountainside
Then the winged hussars arrived
Coming down they turned the tide
THEN THE WINGED HUSSARS ARRIVED COMING DOWN THE MOUNTAINSIDE
There are also LotR references.
Fun fact: the then ottoman sultan mehmed 4 was nicknamed mehmed the hunter. He loved hunting so much that he was overthrown by the army in 1687 since he often neglected his duties.
I... Did not know that. This is perhaps my new favourite Turkish history tidbit.
Amazing video! Your work is absolutely magnificent. Good job.
The legend states that a pastry maker made one with the form of a crescent moon to commemorate and celebrate the ottoman's defeat. It would be brung to France by Marie Antoinette from Asutria and would become the "croissant" we all know to day. The word "viennoiserie" used in french so comes from Vienna and this victory !
Love this video! Especially because its about my homeland, Austria.