@Kyle can you give some arguments on this case:- a judge like Michael sandel works everyday hard and honest and one day he sentences one criminal to life time jail but unfortunately the criminal's partner is still on the loose and he decides to take revenge on the judge and then he plans for a lone wolf attack and eventually he succeeds and kills himself and the judge so who will be punished in this case and how?
I took philosophy although not in Harvard. In over half a century living on this planet I have never found an experience that was more painful and rewarding than beginning to learn how to think more thoroughly. The world would be vastly different if we all had exposure to philosophical thinking.
We do get plenty of exposure. The exposure is simply not digestible to most of us. Our current society is the consequence of our limited accessibility. It's easy to wish that we ought to just be born smarter and capable of critical thinking, but that's just not representative of reality.
@Dinner with Franklin neat, haven't read it.. I'll keep an eye out for it thank ya.. 13 years later and this series is still stimulating thought and growth 8D
@Dinner with Franklin like dude 98% of the time I love my mind but sometimes I envy those who appear content to wake to go to work getting home to drink then sleep and begin again
@Dinner with Franklin me and the mate I first watched this with years ago were discussing why a fork is better at beating an egg than a spoon, his partner (who is a Christian who believes if we didn't have the ten commandments we would all be rapists and murderers) kicked off at us cause she believed it was a waste of brain 'space' Some people choose to be 'blind' because it will break their ego and concepts of reality, we who question even known truths can never go back
The actual problem is not which of the principles are 'wrong', I suppose? Of course there are some ridiculous things, but most questions are about whether it's reasonable or not. In that case, no one is wrong, but no one is always 'right'.
@Amar They can be 'wrong' in the sense that the reasons they give for what they believe are logically inconsistent. Thats part of the point of these thought experiments, to show people that they might be being logically inconsistent. Either there is a morally relevant difference between the situations to justify the different responses, or there isn't. If there isn't, it doesnt make sense to have different answers to the situations, if there is, its important to identify what the morally relevant difference is.
This stuff is so fun to watch, like I wonder where some of the students in this room are rn. Are they big lawyers now? Did they become professors of law too? It’s just so cool to think about. Also this teacher is easily my fav kind of teacher. You can tell how much he genuinely cares about this topic while caroming about whatever his students might think because there isn’t any wrong answers, just ideas.
What you have decide for yourself if he tell the entire story and impartial I know he pick and choose what he want say and poor unfortunate young students Like a yo yo changing their opinion this emmorl and dishonest
yeah its been 13years what would they hav become...In 2009 i was in 3rd grade...and now graduated as software engineer : ) what would i be in 2035, if i were there
that's what I've been thinking about all the time ! like are they still alive ? have those lectures had an influence in their lives , do they come back to watch those lectures usually ? do they even know that those lectures were recorded ?
I would’ve loved to have these kinds of classes. Engaging, relaxed atmosphere, a professor that really good at his job…. It really goes to show you the difference in the quality of teacher for certain colleges
He’s the type of professor I would raise my hand to answer, there is no wrong answer with him he takes it to consideration. He is so engaging as well What an incredible professor. Everyone should have an experience like this in their lives.
I asked some students this first hypothetical, but added one more fact after they had answered: that lone worker on the side track is your best friend. You know he is assigned to work that track that shift. Suddenly, the majority shifted to killing the five, and for a different reason, of course, than "better to kill fewer than more". It was an interesting discussion among the high school students.
That is what i thought about as well. The balance isn't equal which makes the choice obvious. It is similar on the second example of the fat guys on the bridge. I wouldn't push that guys neither because that would put the responsibility on me. It is selfish but why would I push myself into a no way out situation?
I would love to be in his class just to observe and listen to everyone’s opinion.. love how he includes the students to engage and make it more interesting rather than just a professor speaking about the subject. 👍🏼
A true teacher leads his class by engaging the mind, motivating pupils into participation, and being respectful of their participation. This is good stuff.
I've watched this lecture many times over the years and I still always wanna come back and watch it some more. This professor is amazing, I wish I had someone like him when I was in college, I would have a reason not to drop out lol
I am blind and I am from a developing country I can't afford to go abroad to study, but a million thanks to KZclip and howered University for such a lovely and inspirational class
Learned about this in Philosophy as well as Ethics for college. People really should learn to think more critically and have more thought experiments such as these.
The whole discussion about Parker’s murder was very interesting. I honestly found it interesting that they were divided when it came to consent which I believed was an exonerating factor
I’m surprised that no one argued that the 5 workers were already in the way of a planned route. While the emergency break wasn’t working yes, they’re working in the way of a trolley’s route - and assume some risk. The other worker and the man aren’t. Curious if that would factor in at all.
at least one of the five saw the trolley and got out of the way. I'm talking about the possibility, that one man could also survive depending on where he is looking at that moment. The lookers could also warn everyone before the trolley inevitably crash. It's always based on what's currently happening in the vicinity, not only on the scene. Philosophy is like that right? or no? thinking out of the box?
00:29 00:32 - the moral side of murder - Story of Trolly 04:28 - modified trolley car 10:02 - doctor in emergency room 13:29 - moral principles out of these stories - consequentialist morality - utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham 15:16 - categorical morality - principles out of these stories - by Emmanual Kant 16:15 - Imp Ethical/philosophical Thinkers 16:35 - contemporary dilemmas to think upon 18:57 - Quote on Self-Knowledge - Self-knowledge is like lost innocence, however unsettling you find it, It can never be unthought or unknown. 21:57 - Idea of skepticism that no idea or philosophical side is right or wrong , it is personal belief system based on which sides are taken. 23:23 - Quote by Emmunal Kant: Skepticism is a resting place for human reason, where it can reflect upon its dogmatic wanderings but it is no dwelling place for permanent settlement. 27:53 - jeremy bentham's idea of utilitarianism - right thing to do is maximize the utility 29:38 - Case of Queen Versus Dudley & Stephens aka Mignonette Tragedy 38:28 - Inducement of Idea of Consent by Richard parker before he was murdered in Magnonette tragedy - same goes for many contemporary scenarios - Like women in India tolerate domestic violence but never file a complaint against it. Even if an external complaint is raised they would not give a statement against their husband - Then in this case as well, Does the violence done by Husband morally justified ? 44:47 - Take away from Magnonette Tragedy - Morality is a fluid phenomenon - it is molded and transformed by various factors - existing belief system, Consent, Due Process involved, degree of damage, etc. This is in contrast to Emmanual's categorical morality concept. 51:34 - Moral Questions to delve upon ... Why murder is wrong? is It because the person who is being murdered has the right to life? How these fundamental rights emerge and are they absolute? If not absolute then how they are governed? How moral stand of a person is guided by different values he adhere to ?
This would make a marvelous short movie - "How many would take a heart, lung, kidney, liver, eyes from ONE person to save FIVE?" Person raises their hand...."Great, we found our volunteer!"
Knowledge unlocks perspectives and with more perspectives you gain a wider view on things as long as you are mature enough to accept different perspectives you will be able to make better decisions in the end.
Agora sim posso dizer que participei de uma aula de Harvard durante a pandemia para as crianças quando eu for idoso além de ter passado por uma pandemia.
I was reminded of this series this morning and … just ordered it on Amazon! I can’t wait to share it with my 17 year old daughter .. so we can argue even more! 🤣 Here’s a preview: trolley driver, equal victim of the situation as the six, is actually faced with six dead people, this is why it is acceptable to turn to minimize the death toll. Let’s see if the kid agrees😉 (Unless Lady Elaine and Daniel Tiger are among the five. They gotta go.)
The privilege of having an internet to see and accessing lectures such as these, even though your learning halfway across the globe is such a great honor to be born in this time. From Philippines with love 😘
Schooling in the University can be very demanding, student often face a lot of problems trying to balance their college life of study and other activities they might engage in, I can tell very much from my time as a student. Faced with a lot of challenges and stress as a result, most student lack in lots of ways and more financial as the cost of education keeps rising. Glad over the past few years, I have helped a lot of undergraduate by exposing them to good financial routes to help maintain their financial situation while in school.
@Riley Bressett that’s nice, am currently on a compounding of three months. Am having my money work for me as am not desperate to take a pay out, so far my portfolio has over $17k. Glad I made a good decision.
This was one of my favorite core courses while there. Human Behavioral Biology or “Sex” as it was nicknamed was another incredibly interesting course. That focused on animal reproductive behaviors.
This man is an example of a real teacher for life. He is so passionate and takes his job seriously, you can tell he means what he says and cares to make his message clear. I've learned so much just from this one hour.
@aman shaheen Take the extremes as control, an extreme interesting chem / maths won't ever be as interesting as the extreme version for philosophy / psychology.
This book is a good read for -young- all minds. It was one of the required readings for one of my poli sci classes 10+ years ago and it still sits at the top of my bookshelf. It is simply written and prompts the reader to think objectively about real life scenarios which often elicit emotional responses. I wonder what it would be like discussing this book in a 2022 poli sci class...
STYLE ❤️❤️❤️ These books an informal interactive -style throughout, which we hope, the students will find appealing and easy to understand. The reader is taken step -by -step,clearly and methodically from one chapter to another,so that the learning of Science becomes an enjoyable experience. The important definitions and statements are set in bold letters for added emphasis and convenience during revision. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏 SYMBOLS OF SOME ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS?👍👍👍👍👍
Where were all these people now? Had they become lawyers? I'm so curious, especially about the professor... Hope all classes are like this.... participative.... engaging.... no right or wrong answers..... I'm so glad I was able to watch this.
I'm a Philosophy graduate in Philippines. I like how they discussed the morality of man's action and decision in a circumstance. However, there is always consequence whether you choose too save five over 1 or vice versa.
About 7 years ago when I lived down the street from Harvard, Professor Sandel was still teaching this course and the public could sit in on all the lectures -- just walk into Sanders Theater and take a seat. It was especially fascinating because you got to hear so many different questions from the students, and thus learned so much even after watching all the lectures here on KZclip. At the end of class you could get in line to meet him - he always took the time to chat with anyone who wanted to meet him.
I should add to my original post that at the time very few people knew that members of the public could just walk in and watch these lectures. I forget how I found out about it, but it was certainly not publicized. I brought along for one of them a lawyer friend visiting from Brazil. She spoke to him after the lecture, hoping to get into one of his classes, and he suggested she try to enroll in the LLM program at Harvard so she could attend one of his seminars. She was unable to do this, but the fact that he tried to help says a lot about him. He is no longer giving these lectures but his books are wonderful and well worth reading.
I took this course in 1995 or 1996 as an undergrad. I remember the trolley problem and being the only one in the lecture hall who didn't want to switch tracks.
Morality is something that needs to be respected before it can be talked about in my eyes. I am glad to see this conversation happening and hope to see it continue. Honesty is the only issue for me. Nothing exists if there isn't a foundational place to come from. IDK how to define what is a foundational place to come from. Mine is good and yours is.... There is no proper answer in this world the way the world has defined it. I am me and 1 part of the world Respect for truth helps but do you trust truth? I do think people want the truth but they don't trust being given the truth.
I had an astronomy professor in college who would find small and somewhat correct things in larger erroneous statements made by students and pinpoint them to say "yes, I agree with you" and I realized what an effective way it was to engage in student discussion. This was a Yale PhD in astrophysics who consistently agreed with you on things you basically didn't know anything about, and it gave the best positive reinforcement I've seen in a classroom. It was a really smart move.
agree! I hope there is also someone like him in the Philippines (Specifically in Mindanao). Most professors here do not encourage answers from your own understanding, instead, it must come from books so it will be accepted in the argument.
Thankfully now that I am in college I have two great, encouraging, lovely professors which I never had while I was in school. Because of them I have changed a lot. I have started towards reaching my potentials. Truly blessed to find such teachers❤️.
I think the decisions the majority made in all the trolley and doctor scenarios are a result of consequential reasoning. It's perceived control over outcome and also responsibility/accountability for said outcome that influences their decisions. In the first one the majority feel that because they are in the trolley that will kill people they are forced to make the decision to minimize the deaths. Similarly as the doctor, they are either responsible for 5 deaths or one. In contrast as the bystander in the trolley scenario you have the choice of not intervening at all and would not be responsible/accountable or guilty of anything. Same as the doctor who could sacrifice the healthy patient. Many people would never consider this. I hate taking responsibility for shitty outcomes😂 Just my opinion. Please be kind😅
@Matthew Ma My argument for the first one where you are in the trolley and where you are choosing between 5 and 1 patients is basically that you are only choosing because you feel somehow responsible for the outcome because in a way you have a hand in it and there is an element of having no choice and mitigating your accountability 1 vs 5. As a bystander and a doctor who sacrifices a healthy patient it feels wrong to make the decision because your act no longer seems as you trying to minimize damage you feel responsible for but rather feels like an overstep on your part because inaction in this case will absolve you from responsibility. Unless you are Oliver Queen. Like I said I don't like to take responsibility for things. Sorry for the long sentences. It's my curse
I feel the distinction is not as clear as you have said. In the case of the trolley problem, by the merit of having the ability to push over fat man, you are already involved in the scenario, you just made the choice of "not intervening", which is still an active choice. I know technically there's a difference legally because there's no duty to rescue in England and much of the common law world, but philosophically the two decisions are no different.
What an excellent teacher ! I would listen to him for hours ! In the 2nd case on the rescue boat, I would have preferred to starve, rather than taking someone else’s life.… why even consider cannibalism as an option, whatever the method would have been ?
see where you can pack so much people together is lovely. and also I don't know how I could socialize in this particularly well nourished and healthy places of Harvard. tank a lot for this lecture to show me what Harvard realistically feel like
Thanks a lot for this talk teaching. It reminds me of a professional corporation that would let a patient demolished and unhelped in order to protect their reputation and that of their members at the detriment of the truth and justice.
One thing worth remembering is that one of the main things immoral person will attempt is to convince everyone, that there is no morality involved in their actions. They will also support similar claim regarding immoral actions of another, to receive their support in return. Finally they will put a lot of effort to convince few people that are themselves not involved into anything shady to add legitimacy to their claims, as well as push them to act as intermediaries - since "their" claims are much more difficult to discredit, as reason for their convictions are actions of another they themselves may not even be aware about. I think people on a tracks ahead of runaway train is very disingenuous attempt of such action. Since what we have there is a decision to be made without proper context nor valid moral rationale outside numerical value, that is being used to discredit moral evaluation of an action in general (claim) rather than in this singled out impossible scenario... Surgeon case is also tricky, as while it offers some context and moral rationale, in return it steal the patient right to make decision themselves. This is also sneakily the reason many people were against pushing the fat man, since he was close enough to be asked, what would push huge part of the moral responsibility onto him, and he is certainly more qualified to make that decision than some random person, even if it is not in his own best interest. Ps. People on the plane choose to sacrifice themselves (highly moral, since they were the right owners), rather than were shoot down by a fighter jet (what would be morally questionable).
I love the fact that the professor acknowledged the student's alternative answer was great, accepting the fact that the example is flawed, but still getting back to the main idea nevertheless. That's superb teaching right there.
Я из России, я всегда начинаю свой курс по Теории государства и права, с Дела Спелеологов Лона Фуллера, чтобы заинтересовать студентов. Блестящая лекция, Сократовский метод в действии! Браво Профессор!
Sometimes I think about the trolley and the surgery problem since my undergraduate from time to time. And I found that it is "Who ever might've been the victim are and should be on the same or similar condition(s)". - The trolley problem: Both choices are conditioned on the track. (If you push the fat man you ARE the one that is creating that condition that The fat man is on the track) - The surgery problem: Both choices are conditioned with a death sentence. (If you kill the innocence man, you ARE the one that is putting him into the death sentence) I believe all other similar problems, they should have the same or similar condition to be a choice/viable solutions. Now there are some other problems that "what if that one person is the one you love" that changes the whole thing again, and that's for another time.
In all critical situations, particularly those that are timebound, everyone is compelled to make a choice based on as much as can be discerned at that particular moment right up to the point where the choice must be made. Inaction is as much an active choice as actually moving to change the course of an unfolding event. So if you're there and you see there's a problem, and you have options that may or may not have a good outcome, you're in the pickle. I think the trouble is that very rarely can you be guaranteed that (a) your intervention was based on complete information, and (b) the outcome will be exactly the one you predicted. Unfortunately the intentions, actions and outcomes don't all have a unified happy ending much of the time.
Also, would you choose what should happen before the possibility of going crazy from lack of survival needs hinders judgement? The survivors (and/or murderers) could have made any story up about what truly happened...it could very well have been for some other reason/s. Could the act itself be considered punishment enough? Or should some partial (jail time etc) or permanent (murdering them for murder) punishment be decided?
My 'solution' is, not only should you 'decide' by flipping a coin, twice (maybe have 2 coins if you're fancy like that). This would be to see first if to act, and possibly then, which of two actions to take. You should then also do the 'right' thing and make sure that the right people know about the incident so that measures can be put in place and hopefilly a situation like this can be prevented from happening again :) On the coin thing, I would flip a coin first, to decide whether or not I should take an action, then, if ma rusty coin calls for further action, I would toss it again, to decide on what that further action should be, being letting either the five people, or the one person live At the end of the day, there are too many variables, none of which you are genuinely aware and so can't truly empathise with, therefore you are imagining attributes to these people based off of, well not much. So in my eyes, at least as of today years, any other decision or action, other than the double coin toss and reporting, I believe could be more immoral? Regardless of the result though maybe try and be sure to get word around that your local train service is a sh*t show! Then go home, process things cos that was wild, open up that bottle you been holdin on to, maybe sprk a lil smn up, cry a lil cos that must've been stressful.
In the educational field, students are also having luck and unlucky. So proved not only people who work hard are successful but those who have luck like having been taught by brave professors also are more successful than any other .
The weight of each person's life is not different, but I think five people's lives are more important than one person's. If you can save five lives at the expense of one person, I think that sacrifice is valuable.
I took this course when i was a Harvard College student in 1983-87. The best course i ever took. We studied, understood & critiqued a philosopher each week. A real shame he left Harvard and went to Columbia. Aristotle, Hobbes, Kant, Bentham, Locke... we studied them all.
@Vishal Look up Tübingen. I heard alot about their philosophy courses and if you are accepted its basically free and has a yearly fund of nearly one billion euros. one of the best educations germany has to offer and there is not even a barrier to studying philosophy there except the amount of people applying. High number of non german students there too.
In every situation, careful consideration for the rights of all parties involved can produce the right choice. In the scenario of the shipwreck - the only right cause of action is to let the situation play out naturally. Each one relies on their natural response to the circumstance for survival.
Yeah, this is how a regular Harvard lecture sounds like and Imagine having these kinds of lectures during your academic life every session! That's a big deal!
For the trolly case, if the situation were the same except the one person happened to be someone you knew, say a friend or family. Which would be morally right in that situation?
The difference is that in the first situation you *need* to make a choice. You’re constrained by the circumstances to be responsible of the outcome. You have no choice but to make a choice. In the second situation you’re just a bystander watching an accident unfold. You have no involvement, you aren’t constrained by the situation to pick who dies. You’ll just dead ass see another bystander like you next to you watching a tragedy unfold and you’d pick him and push him over. You didn’t *have to* make that choice. You weren’t responsible. You weren’t a part of the accident. You just killed a person. Nobody would be like ah yes he had no choice but to do that like they’d be with the case of the driver forced to pick a lane because the bus will hit someone no matter what. It’s about inevitability and being forced to be responsible of what is happening either way.
Good observation. However, it can be argued that if 1. The person is aware of what was happening and 2. They are able to change the outcome to a better or completely prevent negative outcomes (especially if it is without endangering themselves) They are indeed responsible for the outcome of the situation, even if you are otherwise not forced to be involved. In fact many countries legislate in that and can and will charge you if you have failed to act in such a situation.
I åm chinêsê ånd I wånt tó têll followings to all of yóů! : Yóů cån't find åny rêdêmptión ór hópê in Chinå, it's å cóůntry withóůt thóůghts. å dêgênêråtê pópůlåtión, å sóůllêss pópůlåtión. This cóůntry hås pródůcêd nó nåtůrål sciêncê, nó sóciål sciêncê, nó hůmånistic thróůgh its históry. Chinêsê pêóplê håvê nêvêr thóůght ónê thing tó clêår in thêir thóůsånds yêårs históry. Thê êlitês in chinå's históry årê åll êgóists ånd nårcissists, thê cůltůrê thêy crêåtê is růbbish. Thê Chinêsê hås thê cåpåbility tó livê with thê big liês hånging åbóvê thêir hêåds, CCP dêcêivês ånd ênslåvês thêm, thêy årê willing tó dó êvil fór CCP, fór bênêfit. Thêy årê idióts dåncing ůndêr thê cóntról óf CCP. Thêy årê mórålly dêpråvêd ånd dårê tó dó ånything. I têll yóů hónêstly, this cóůntry drivês mê cråzy.
@politically incorrect guy faith and theology only tell you the bare minimum. Philosophy has expanded upon the truths faith has provided. Aquinas, Maimonides, Averroes, Augustine, are just some examples of this. Without philosophy, we wouldn't have any of their ideas
@Andrew Bowen Philosophy is a recreational degree, full of abstract conspiracy theories about the universe. If you actually want to answers life's biggest questions, I suggest researching some faith, religion, theology and ideology.
From what I've learned from Batman. Deciding to kill, changes you, weather you are forced to or not. To me, protecting life is critical and a scenario of that situation shouldn't, ever, happen... period.
Now for my own sake of thought, I haven’t seen this video.. but I do wish to become an attorney and hopefully my definition of justice whenever I do come back to see this, will either be the same or different. Can’t wait to see.
The right thing to do would be to judge everyone's value based on their actions/choices (I know, pretty impossible - would require immense power & something like the ability to comb through peoples memories so that nothing could be hidden & only the truth remained). Then provide eye to eye justice for the side that suffered by choosing the fate of the one that made them or their loved ones suffer. If they don't have the stomach for it, a fate will be chosen for them by the party holding the hearing. Fates are put into motion on the spot right after the hearing & for everyone to see (should provide some closure to the ones affected). Every hearing will be recorded & available for public to watch if they so desire. Public figure hearings are highlighted & constantly streamed live (subjects are put into stasis to await their turn). The public figures, responsible for way too many wrongs are judged one by one & will most likely take thousands of years to process. Individual hearings are held in every city on this planet in multiple locations. The people affected the closest are invited, upon conformation that they have received the invite but decided not to attend, the hearing will be judged by the party holding it. By my estimation, 2/3 of the population (probably more) will be eradicated in the cruelest ways possible based of the actions & choices they made in life. There will be things that will lessen the sentence, for example the purity of guilt or how strong is the wish to go back & do things differently. At the hearing, no one is able to lie & everyone's memories can be put on display on demand. The wrongdoings will be listed, named & shown to everyone. Nothing will be hidden or censored. The only thing on display will be the truth. I believe after something like this, humanity would be provided with a clean slate & could be directed into a better future with some careful nurturing. Of course there are many steps yet to take after the eradication process. Like the rewriting of human DNA; infertility; currency, border & religion removal; standardization; focus on education, science & arts; justice system that does not require monitoring & so much more. The above is just wishful thinking, fiction if you will, something that I believe would provide our species a clean slate & with proper guidance, build a better world.
This teacher is really engaging i would listen to everyone of his lessons. My italian teacher its extremely boring she just talks for 2 hours about stuff with a monotone voice and then complains half of the class falls asleep lol
This was interesting. Really had me thinking. Many can give their opinions and debate what is morally wrong or what one would do, but unless one is stuck in these situations, one wouldn't know for sure what one would do. When speaking in reference to sacrificing one to save a few. (Regarding the cannibalism.) It becomes complicated. I am not a fan of cannibalism and do see that as morally wrong, but I can understand the situation, if one were to be stuck with no food for a long period of time. It could turn anyone to cannibalism to survive. No matter how mentally sane the individual is, one could do things that could be considered mentally questionable. When someone is undergoing trauma it will affect anyone. Has anyone seen Tom Hanks Cast away movie? Even his mental health deteriorated. When trying to survive, it will come down to how much one wants to survive. Let's say one doesn't want to turn to sacrificing another, what if you are the one that gets sacrificed? When stuck in a situation where one hasn't eaten in a long length of time, it is bound to affect an individuals reasoning, and the need for survival. A part of human nature is self-preservation. Even when in less problematic situations, individuals turn to self-preservation. Has anyone seen the Saw series? A group of individuals are stuck in unfortunate circumstances and they would eventually turn on each other. That is human nature. One can say what is right and what is wrong, but until one is stuck in that circumstance, one wouldn't really know. 🤔 🧐
@Karcharias You're right. I should've said deduction. I will hold that you're misunderstanding the nature of his statement and my meaning. His statement didn't necessarily have any pertinence to the truth value of any epistemic claim but rather the degree at which we are capable of appraising this value. I'd agree that there is a truth status that various statements have that is in no way conditional to human convention but rather our subjective nature only permits us to make judgements on how justified these statements are and not how true they are. It may seem as though a statement that is justified and irrefutable must be true however that is only within the scope of our knowledge and understanding. Knowledge that isn’t absolute to be specific. Truth requires certainty and certainty is something that humans are incapable of sufficiently achieving due to our limited knowledge. To address your syllogism thing. The absence of wrongness does not necessitate or imply the presence of correctness. You'd have to actually show how it does if you plan to engage with the substance of what I'm saying.
@JustusFX It is not induction at all. It is pure deduction. I did not induce this by observation of something, like a ball consistently falling by gravity, but the premise inevitably leads to the conclusion and it is a logical deduction. Let us walk through it. Premise 1 - There is a right or wrong answer to every question. Premise 2 - There are no wrong answers. Therefore - All answers are correct. Now, your issue is with premise one. However, does belief about an answer constitute proof that Premise 1 is false? Not in the slightest. Mere belief about wether a question has a right or wrong answer is not evidence of even the slightest kind. You would have to show that there is at least one question for which either a right or wrong answer is simply logically impossible to disprove the premise. You have merely offered someone's belief and that is evidence of nothing. So the deduction stands.
@JaSo Truth is absolute. Even the statement, "There is no absolute truth", implies the existence of absolute truth. Epistemically: "There is no absolute truth" would have to be an absolute truth. To say that there is nothing of something, is synonymous to saying that the absence of this thing is absolute. Semantically: The use of the auxiliary verb, "is", implies that the object/subject exists even if only on an abstract degree. The statement is self-negating.
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I love how he doesn't make students feel right or wrong and encourages people of different perspective to speak.
@Ericson Rosario I'll bite. Example?
@Kyle There is objectivity in philosophy, especially ethics. I can't believe people believe this today.
@Kyle can you give some arguments on this case:- a judge like Michael sandel works everyday hard and honest and one day he sentences one criminal to life time jail but unfortunately the criminal's partner is still on the loose and he decides to take revenge on the judge and then he plans for a lone wolf attack and eventually he succeeds and kills himself and the judge so who will be punished in this case and how?
I took philosophy although not in Harvard. In over half a century living on this planet I have never found an experience that was more painful and rewarding than beginning to learn how to think more thoroughly. The world would be vastly different if we all had exposure to philosophical thinking.
We do get plenty of exposure. The exposure is simply not digestible to most of us. Our current society is the consequence of our limited accessibility.
It's easy to wish that we ought to just be born smarter and capable of critical thinking, but that's just not representative of reality.
@Dire Wolfen Lol, I couldn't agree more. And at times like that I envy them. Couldn't be one of them but sometimes I really do envy them.
@Dinner with Franklin neat, haven't read it.. I'll keep an eye out for it thank ya..
13 years later and this series is still stimulating thought and growth 8D
@Dinner with Franklin like dude 98% of the time I love my mind but sometimes I envy those who appear content to wake to go to work getting home to drink then sleep and begin again
@Dinner with Franklin me and the mate I first watched this with years ago were discussing why a fork is better at beating an egg than a spoon, his partner (who is a Christian who believes if we didn't have the ten commandments we would all be rapists and murderers) kicked off at us cause she believed it was a waste of brain 'space'
Some people choose to be 'blind' because it will break their ego and concepts of reality, we who question even known truths can never go back
What an incredible professor. Everyone should have an experience like this in their lives.
I had alacarte at MSU 👏
❤️
📞📞📞📞
I like how none can be wrong at his lectures ❤
The actual problem is not which of the principles are 'wrong', I suppose? Of course there are some ridiculous things, but most questions are about whether it's reasonable or not. In that case, no one is wrong, but no one is always 'right'.
@Amar They can be 'wrong' in the sense that the reasons they give for what they believe are logically inconsistent. Thats part of the point of these thought experiments, to show people that they might be being logically inconsistent. Either there is a morally relevant difference between the situations to justify the different responses, or there isn't. If there isn't, it doesnt make sense to have different answers to the situations, if there is, its important to identify what the morally relevant difference is.
This stuff is so fun to watch, like I wonder where some of the students in this room are rn. Are they big lawyers now? Did they become professors of law too? It’s just so cool to think about. Also this teacher is easily my fav kind of teacher. You can tell how much he genuinely cares about this topic while caroming about whatever his students might think because there isn’t any wrong answers, just ideas.
What you have decide for yourself if he tell the entire story and impartial
I know he pick and choose what he want say and poor unfortunate young students
Like a yo yo changing their opinion this emmorl and dishonest
yeah its been 13years what would they hav become...In 2009 i was in 3rd grade...and now graduated as software engineer : ) what would i be in 2035, if i were there
yeah, he is awesome for a teacher.
that's what I've been thinking about all the time ! like are they still alive ? have those lectures had an influence in their lives , do they come back to watch those lectures usually ? do they even know that those lectures were recorded ?
@Tonkov LMAO
I'd love to hear what these students are doing now, and what ongoing effect, if any, being part of this class has had on them 🙂
Starbucks baristas
Ohhh yeah that’s interesting like find patterns that happened between all of them because of taking this class.
I would never skip classes if my professor would be engaging like this.
@solitary diaries how are you feeling today
@Eric Bryan doing good 😊
Hello how are you
@Shivamurthy D : Most of the students in India join Engineering colleges to get degree, not to get enlightened.
If a week dies, sovereign survives in these kind of situations. It is only rior of justice
This is just good, he is making them realize that they all agree on one thing but have different kinds of opinion over that one thing.
And if you think it, you are also thinking what their thinking.
More like he’s trying to tell them when they canning define hood or evil. What would they do in the situation then?
I would’ve loved to have these kinds of classes. Engaging, relaxed atmosphere, a professor that really good at his job…. It really goes to show you the difference in the quality of teacher for certain colleges
He’s the type of professor I would raise my hand to answer, there is no wrong answer with him he takes it to consideration. He is so engaging as well What an incredible professor. Everyone should have an experience like this in their lives.
I confess that I had the same thought: A skilled teacher, who knows how to lead the art of giving birth as ideas. Congratulations!!!
I asked some students this first hypothetical, but added one more fact after they had answered: that lone worker on the side track is your best friend. You know he is assigned to work that track that shift. Suddenly, the majority shifted to killing the five, and for a different reason, of course, than "better to kill fewer than more". It was an interesting discussion among the high school students.
That is what i thought about as well. The balance isn't equal which makes the choice obvious. It is similar on the second example of the fat guys on the bridge. I wouldn't push that guys neither because that would put the responsibility on me. It is selfish but why would I push myself into a no way out situation?
I would love to be in his class just to observe and listen to everyone’s opinion.. love how he includes the students to engage and make it more interesting rather than just a professor speaking about the subject. 👍🏼
Hello how are you
@PoliScikosis ❤️
you should read his book, Democracy's Discontents.
A true teacher leads his class by engaging the mind, motivating pupils into participation, and being respectful of their participation. This is good stuff.
I've watched this lecture many times over the years and I still always wanna come back and watch it some more. This professor is amazing, I wish I had someone like him when I was in college, I would have a reason not to drop out lol
I am blind and I am from a developing country I can't afford to go abroad to study, but a million thanks to KZclip and howered University for such a lovely and inspirational class
i dream to be in a class like this, what a well spoken and very involving professor this man is
This is the class we all really needed.
@Fluentssyou need roblox
👽🧌Reality Had Begon 👽 🌑
It is an amazing resource and thought provoking no matter where you fall on the issue
Can't agree more. It inspires thinking
Learned about this in Philosophy as well as Ethics for college. People really should learn to think more critically and have more thought experiments such as these.
If you're critical, you skipped the jabs.
Awesome lecture. Loved the way he's taking the arguments and directing them towards a concept. lit
The whole discussion about Parker’s murder was very interesting. I honestly found it interesting that they were divided when it came to consent which I believed was an exonerating factor
I’m surprised that no one argued that the 5 workers were already in the way of a planned route. While the emergency break wasn’t working yes, they’re working in the way of a trolley’s route - and assume some risk. The other worker and the man aren’t. Curious if that would factor in at all.
at least one of the five saw the trolley and got out of the way. I'm talking about the possibility, that one man could also survive depending on where he is looking at that moment. The lookers could also warn everyone before the trolley inevitably crash. It's always based on what's currently happening in the vicinity, not only on the scene.
Philosophy is like that right? or no? thinking out of the box?
00:29
00:32 - the moral side of murder - Story of Trolly
04:28 - modified trolley car
10:02 - doctor in emergency room
13:29 - moral principles out of these stories - consequentialist morality - utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham
15:16 - categorical morality - principles out of these stories - by Emmanual Kant
16:15 - Imp Ethical/philosophical Thinkers
16:35 - contemporary dilemmas to think upon
18:57 - Quote on Self-Knowledge - Self-knowledge is like lost innocence, however unsettling you find it, It can never be unthought or unknown.
21:57 - Idea of skepticism that no idea or philosophical side is right or wrong , it is personal belief system based on which sides are taken.
23:23 - Quote by Emmunal Kant: Skepticism is a resting place for human reason, where it can reflect upon its dogmatic wanderings but it is no dwelling place for permanent settlement.
27:53 - jeremy bentham's idea of utilitarianism - right thing to do is maximize the utility
29:38 - Case of Queen Versus Dudley & Stephens aka Mignonette Tragedy
38:28 - Inducement of Idea of Consent by Richard parker before he was murdered in Magnonette tragedy -
same goes for many contemporary scenarios - Like women in India tolerate domestic violence but never file a complaint against it. Even if an external complaint is raised they would not give a statement against their husband - Then in this case as well, Does the violence done by Husband morally justified ?
44:47 - Take away from Magnonette Tragedy - Morality is a fluid phenomenon - it is molded and transformed by various factors - existing belief system, Consent, Due Process involved, degree of damage, etc.
This is in contrast to Emmanual's categorical morality concept.
51:34 - Moral Questions to delve upon ...
Why murder is wrong?
is It because the person who is being murdered has the right to life?
How these fundamental rights emerge and are they absolute? If not absolute then how they are governed?
How moral stand of a person is guided by different values he adhere to ?
Thank you for timestamps!
U must take great notes at uni
Thank you.
Thank you
Laziness, the great evil. Well done.
This would make a marvelous short movie - "How many would take a heart, lung, kidney, liver, eyes from ONE person to save FIVE?" Person raises their hand...."Great, we found our volunteer!"
Elizabeth Afton it didn't happen in the video. Is just an hypothetical comment - humor.
Knowledge unlocks perspectives and with more perspectives you gain a wider view on things as long as you are mature enough to accept different perspectives you will be able to make better decisions in the end.
Amazing doctor teacher 👨🏫. Always making people more open to there’s opinions and ideas in moral way. 👏🏽
Agora sim posso dizer que participei de uma aula de Harvard durante a pandemia para as crianças quando eu for idoso além de ter passado por uma pandemia.
I was reminded of this series this morning and … just ordered it on Amazon! I can’t wait to share it with my 17 year old daughter .. so we can argue even more! 🤣
Here’s a preview: trolley driver, equal victim of the situation as the six, is actually faced with six dead people, this is why it is acceptable to turn to minimize the death toll. Let’s see if the kid agrees😉
(Unless Lady Elaine and Daniel Tiger are among the five. They gotta go.)
The privilege of having an internet to see and accessing lectures such as these, even though your learning halfway across the globe is such a great honor to be born in this time. From Philippines with love 😘
Ayyy! Fellow Filipino/a! 🇵🇭🇵🇭🇵🇭
Just discovered this from México and is fascinating, all the info that 20+25 would have costed you thousands of dollar basically for free.
Amazing
@Lesley Gaspar wewer
ELA sesver
Eso es contento Antonio Velasco está
I really enjoyed watching this. His mode of teaching is superb. Makes class interesting and students are able to understand concepts easily.
ah como que eu gostaria que todos os brasileiros pudessem ver essa aula e se inspirar, realmente gostaria...
Schooling in the University can be very demanding, student often face a lot of problems trying to balance their college life of study and other activities they might engage in, I can tell very much from my time as a student. Faced with a lot of challenges and stress as a result, most student lack in lots of ways and more financial as the cost of education keeps rising. Glad over the past few years, I have helped a lot of undergraduate by exposing them to good financial routes to help maintain their financial situation while in school.
@Kim Hauge just so happy😊
@Riley Bressett that’s nice, am currently on a compounding of three months. Am having my money work for me as am not desperate to take a pay out, so far my portfolio has over $17k. Glad I made a good decision.
@Tim Coady am so happy I just took out my first pay out, I study at Yale. Hopefully in a few months I can pay back all my debts. Thank you so much 🤗
This was one of my favorite core courses while there. Human Behavioral Biology or “Sex” as it was nicknamed was another incredibly interesting course. That focused on animal reproductive behaviors.
@Dumbledalf the Wizard thanks
@Class 10th MP Board Human Behavioral Biology, and yes
Search up Robert Sapolsky
Is it available on KZclip, what is the name of course
The fact that the name of that course is the same as Sapolsky's which includes a class called "Chaos and Reductionism" is hilarious
Awesome discussions on some relevant moral dilemmas that we face in our lives in one way or the other . 👍
This man is an example of a real teacher for life. He is so passionate and takes his job seriously, you can tell he means what he says and cares to make his message clear. I've learned so much just from this one hour.
@aman shaheen Take the extremes as control, an extreme interesting chem / maths won't ever be as interesting as the extreme version for philosophy / psychology.
@Parmesan Cheese You can make maths and chem just as interesting.
@WOG FART what?
Maria princess hlw Maria
He has lost his mind...
I've been wondering about the definition of justice for years, it's great to solve some of my problems since it's so important in our lives.
This book is a good read for -young- all minds. It was one of the required readings for one of my poli sci classes 10+ years ago and it still sits at the top of my bookshelf. It is simply written and prompts the reader to think objectively about real life scenarios which often elicit emotional responses. I wonder what it would be like discussing this book in a 2022 poli sci class...
@creamsoda my bad 😅 Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do by Micahel Sandel. Let me know what you think!
Jeremy Bentham? Which book if you don't mind sharing.
STYLE ❤️❤️❤️ These books an informal interactive -style throughout, which we hope, the students will find appealing and easy to understand. The reader is taken step -by -step,clearly and methodically from one chapter to another,so that the learning of Science becomes an enjoyable experience. The important definitions and statements are set in bold letters for added emphasis and convenience during revision. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏 SYMBOLS OF SOME ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS?👍👍👍👍👍
Where were all these people now? Had they become lawyers? I'm so curious, especially about the professor... Hope all classes are like this.... participative.... engaging.... no right or wrong answers..... I'm so glad I was able to watch this.
Probably successful business owners…. Or have depression
I'm a Philosophy graduate in Philippines. I like how they discussed the morality of man's action and decision in a circumstance. However, there is always consequence whether you choose too save five over 1 or vice versa.
About 7 years ago when I lived down the street from Harvard, Professor Sandel was still teaching this course and the public could sit in on all the lectures -- just walk into Sanders Theater and take a seat. It was especially fascinating because you got to hear so many different questions from the students, and thus learned so much even after watching all the lectures here on KZclip. At the end of class you could get in line to meet him - he always took the time to chat with anyone who wanted to meet him.
@Evvie Moore can you please tell the names of the book by Aristotle etc that Professor said to read along with the course 16:14 in video.
How to get away with murder
I should add to my original post that at the time very few people knew that members of the public could just walk in and watch these lectures. I forget how I found out about it, but it was certainly not publicized. I brought along for one of them a lawyer friend visiting from Brazil. She spoke to him after the lecture, hoping to get into one of his classes, and he suggested she try to enroll in the LLM program at Harvard so she could attend one of his seminars. She was unable to do this, but the fact that he tried to help says a lot about him. He is no longer giving these lectures but his books are wonderful and well worth reading.
@prabhash yadav that's why I said it's not possible for me to get a seat there but internet allowing me to watch his lectures. That's enough for me.
I love the Professor's Approach. Mind opening lectures indeed.
Its harvard, professors there are excellent
I took this course in 1995 or 1996 as an undergrad. I remember the trolley problem and being the only one in the lecture hall who didn't want to switch tracks.
And what was your reasoning?
Morality is something that needs to be respected before it can be talked about in my eyes. I am glad to see this conversation happening and hope to see it continue.
Honesty is the only issue for me.
Nothing exists if there isn't a foundational place to come from.
IDK how to define what is a foundational place to come from.
Mine is good and yours is....
There is no proper answer in this world the way the world has defined it.
I am me and 1 part of the world
Respect for truth helps but do you trust truth? I do think people want the truth but they don't trust being given the truth.
It's really amazing lecture I wish I could be his student just love the way he explains
What a wonderful, engaging lecture.
If my professor is like this "I like your bravery" "okay you are good" etc etc. I will participate in class actively, I swear.
I had an astronomy professor in college who would find small and somewhat correct things in larger erroneous statements made by students and pinpoint them to say "yes, I agree with you" and I realized what an effective way it was to engage in student discussion. This was a Yale PhD in astrophysics who consistently agreed with you on things you basically didn't know anything about, and it gave the best positive reinforcement I've seen in a classroom. It was a really smart move.
agree! I hope there is also someone like him in the Philippines (Specifically in Mindanao). Most professors here do not encourage answers from your own understanding, instead, it must come from books so it will be accepted in the argument.
Thankfully now that I am in college I have two great, encouraging, lovely professors which I never had while I was in school. Because of them I have changed a lot. I have started towards reaching my potentials.
Truly blessed to find such teachers❤️.
@F. A. Boomer
"You did well, you did very well." with a warm smiling face.
I think the decisions the majority made in all the trolley and doctor scenarios are a result of consequential reasoning. It's perceived control over outcome and also responsibility/accountability for said outcome that influences their decisions. In the first one the majority feel that because they are in the trolley that will kill people they are forced to make the decision to minimize the deaths. Similarly as the doctor, they are either responsible for 5 deaths or one.
In contrast as the bystander in the trolley scenario you have the choice of not intervening at all and would not be responsible/accountable or guilty of anything. Same as the doctor who could sacrifice the healthy patient. Many people would never consider this. I hate taking responsibility for shitty outcomes😂 Just my opinion. Please be kind😅
@Matthew Ma But yes it's a tough one. I literally had to make them all consequential reasoning to support my argument
@Matthew Ma My argument for the first one where you are in the trolley and where you are choosing between 5 and 1 patients is basically that you are only choosing because you feel somehow responsible for the outcome because in a way you have a hand in it and there is an element of having no choice and mitigating your accountability 1 vs 5. As a bystander and a doctor who sacrifices a healthy patient it feels wrong to make the decision because your act no longer seems as you trying to minimize damage you feel responsible for but rather feels like an overstep on your part because inaction in this case will absolve you from responsibility. Unless you are Oliver Queen. Like I said I don't like to take responsibility for things. Sorry for the long sentences. It's my curse
I feel the distinction is not as clear as you have said. In the case of the trolley problem, by the merit of having the ability to push over fat man, you are already involved in the scenario, you just made the choice of "not intervening", which is still an active choice.
I know technically there's a difference legally because there's no duty to rescue in England and much of the common law world, but philosophically the two decisions are no different.
Good point
What an excellent teacher ! I would listen to him for hours ! In the 2nd case on the rescue boat, I would have preferred to starve, rather than taking someone else’s life.… why even consider cannibalism as an option, whatever the method would have been ?
There's someone or something out there waiting for them, they gotta live because they value their lives
Thank you for sharing your wisdom and knowledge to keep the inspired students thinking. 🌷
see where you can pack so much people together is lovely. and also I don't know how I could socialize in this particularly well nourished and healthy places of Harvard. tank a lot for this lecture to show me what Harvard realistically feel like
I just came here to quickly see what a Harvard lecture looked like, but I ended up watching the entire thing. Awesome video.
@יצחק בן יהוידע ki
Koi
me too :)
that's very relatable
Bro same
I have heard the word "Philosophy" a thousand times but never thought of its meaning. Now I understood what philosophy is.
It's really sound good.
The justice remains the first important thing to do according to a situation.
People must be away with they to-do.
Thanks a lot for this talk teaching. It reminds me of a professional corporation that would let a patient demolished and unhelped in order to protect their reputation and that of their members at the detriment of the truth and justice.
One thing worth remembering is that one of the main things immoral person will attempt is to convince everyone, that there is no morality involved in their actions. They will also support similar claim regarding immoral actions of another, to receive their support in return.
Finally they will put a lot of effort to convince few people that are themselves not involved into anything shady to add legitimacy to their claims, as well as push them to act as intermediaries - since "their" claims are much more difficult to discredit, as reason for their convictions are actions of another they themselves may not even be aware about.
I think people on a tracks ahead of runaway train is very disingenuous attempt of such action.
Since what we have there is a decision to be made without proper context nor valid moral rationale outside numerical value, that is being used to discredit moral evaluation of an action in general (claim) rather than in this singled out impossible scenario...
Surgeon case is also tricky, as while it offers some context and moral rationale, in return it steal the patient right to make decision themselves. This is also sneakily the reason many people were against pushing the fat man, since he was close enough to be asked, what would push huge part of the moral responsibility onto him, and he is certainly more qualified to make that decision than some random person, even if it is not in his own best interest.
Ps. People on the plane choose to sacrifice themselves (highly moral, since they were the right owners), rather than were shoot down by a fighter jet (what would be morally questionable).
He is the teacher we always need
I love the fact that the professor acknowledged the student's alternative answer was great, accepting the fact that the example is flawed, but still getting back to the main idea nevertheless. That's superb teaching right there.
great professor ♥️
i don’t think the example is flawed as organ transplants require compatible blood types which may not have been the case in that scenario
@M R dude told me to “make some friends” after I wrote a thoughtful response I don’t think I’m the one who needs to chill lol
@Harrison Ash chill,lol
@John Pedder 😂😂😂😐
Я из России, я всегда начинаю свой курс по Теории государства и права, с Дела Спелеологов Лона Фуллера, чтобы заинтересовать студентов. Блестящая лекция, Сократовский метод в действии! Браво Профессор!
Sometimes I think about the trolley and the surgery problem since my undergraduate from time to time.
And I found that it is "Who ever might've been the victim are and should be on the same or similar condition(s)".
- The trolley problem: Both choices are conditioned on the track. (If you push the fat man you ARE the one that is creating that condition that The fat man is on the track)
- The surgery problem: Both choices are conditioned with a death sentence. (If you kill the innocence man, you ARE the one that is putting him into the death sentence)
I believe all other similar problems, they should have the same or similar condition to be a choice/viable solutions.
Now there are some other problems that "what if that one person is the one you love" that changes the whole thing again, and that's for another time.
Great video:) what an amazing professor
In all critical situations, particularly those that are timebound, everyone is compelled to make a choice based on as much as can be discerned at that particular moment right up to the point where the choice must be made. Inaction is as much an active choice as actually moving to change the course of an unfolding event. So if you're there and you see there's a problem, and you have options that may or may not have a good outcome, you're in the pickle. I think the trouble is that very rarely can you be guaranteed that (a) your intervention was based on complete information, and (b) the outcome will be exactly the one you predicted. Unfortunately the intentions, actions and outcomes don't all have a unified happy ending much of the time.
Also, would you choose what should happen before the possibility of going crazy from lack of survival needs hinders judgement? The survivors (and/or murderers) could have made any story up about what truly happened...it could very well have been for some other reason/s. Could the act itself be considered punishment enough? Or should some partial (jail time etc) or permanent (murdering them for murder) punishment be decided?
I really love a professor who appreciates every answer whether it's a good or a bad answer.
Everything gud everything bad
@James Wan most popular in global i listen his lectures
E’eerrmm rate my professor app... Cough
Excellent 👍 exercise on one's mental capacity in terms of psychological reasoning + moralistic thinking.
Very impressive and well-written.
My 'solution' is, not only should you 'decide' by flipping a coin, twice (maybe have 2 coins if you're fancy like that). This would be to see first if to act, and possibly then, which of two actions to take. You should then also do the 'right' thing and make sure that the right people know about the incident so that measures can be put in place and hopefilly a situation like this can be prevented from happening again :)
On the coin thing, I would flip a coin first, to decide whether or not I should take an action, then, if ma rusty coin calls for further action, I would toss it again, to decide on what that further action should be, being letting either the five people, or the one person live
At the end of the day, there are too many variables, none of which you are genuinely aware and so can't truly empathise with, therefore you are imagining attributes to these people based off of, well not much. So in my eyes, at least as of today years, any other decision or action, other than the double coin toss and reporting, I believe could be more immoral?
Regardless of the result though maybe try and be sure to get word around that your local train service is a sh*t show! Then go home, process things cos that was wild, open up that bottle you been holdin on to, maybe sprk a lil smn up, cry a lil cos that must've been stressful.
In the educational field, students are also having luck and unlucky. So proved not only people who work hard are successful but those who have luck like having been taught by brave professors also are more successful than any other .
I didn't even yawn. This class is so fun and educative. Feels like i'm a harvard student for an hour.
I yawn in classes not because it’s boring but because I’m tired
goodness why is everyone defending the bot trying to lure in women
The crazy thing is... educative is an actual word.
@(ㆆ_ㆆ) If I compliment on Angelina Jolie post, Should i be ashamed on that even being a father of two kids?
*Educational…
Aplausos ! Por la forma de su presentacion y su capacidad para mantener la atencion de su Audiencia
This is probably those very few long videos that actually make me gain useful knowledge
The weight of each person's life is not different, but I think five people's lives are more important than one person's. If you can save five lives at the expense of one person, I think that sacrifice is valuable.
KZclip should have recommended this 12 years ago. I just now saw this and I want more from this gentleman and his class.
Wish to be part of this brainstorming class!
I took this course when i was a Harvard College student in 1983-87. The best course i ever took. We studied, understood & critiqued a philosopher each week. A real shame he left Harvard and went to Columbia. Aristotle, Hobbes, Kant, Bentham, Locke... we studied them all.
@david michael Spence can you please tell the names of the book by Aristotle etc that Professor said to read along with the course 16:14 in video.
@Vishal Look up Tübingen. I heard alot about their philosophy courses and if you are accepted its basically free and has a yearly fund of nearly one billion euros. one of the best educations germany has to offer and there is not even a barrier to studying philosophy there except the amount of people applying. High number of non german students there too.
@halfvolley11 i see i just Never talked to one of them.
@Josephine Sakata Good. I just cant stand the arrogance of IVEY league graduates.
@halfvolley11 wich is quite better than money if you want my opinion but again i Never really Cared about money soo yeah..
Бог да благословит Вас! Сияйте всегда и свет пусть светит для всех людей мира🙌🙏💗 Мы все дети Творца!
Professor is an exceptional teacher.
To care is not to do but to just hug....because a good hug can go a long way. That is how good friendships are made.
In every situation, careful consideration for the rights of all parties involved can produce the right choice. In the scenario of the shipwreck - the only right cause of action is to let the situation play out naturally. Each one relies on their natural response to the circumstance for survival.
"It can be cruel, poetic or blind. But when it's denied, it's your violence you may find."
Yeah, this is how a regular Harvard lecture sounds like and Imagine having these kinds of lectures during your academic life every session! That's a big deal!
@Aysooda Agh 🖤🖤
@David-TH เดวิด how many languages can you speak?
This class of Prof. Sandel isn’t regular at all. He’s the rockstar of political philosophy.
Daithi Sick
@aysooda, that’s how we say it in Persian. Huge big deal! 😬
Such an interesting serie of lecture ! Moral is of every year.
For the trolly case, if the situation were the same except the one person happened to be someone you knew, say a friend or family. Which would be morally right in that situation?
This dude just keeps it going and i love it
The difference is that in the first situation you *need* to make a choice. You’re constrained by the circumstances to be responsible of the outcome. You have no choice but to make a choice. In the second situation you’re just a bystander watching an accident unfold. You have no involvement, you aren’t constrained by the situation to pick who dies. You’ll just dead ass see another bystander like you next to you watching a tragedy unfold and you’d pick him and push him over. You didn’t *have to* make that choice. You weren’t responsible. You weren’t a part of the accident. You just killed a person. Nobody would be like ah yes he had no choice but to do that like they’d be with the case of the driver forced to pick a lane because the bus will hit someone no matter what. It’s about inevitability and being forced to be responsible of what is happening either way.
Good observation. However, it can be argued that if
1. The person is aware of what was happening and
2. They are able to change the outcome to a better or completely prevent negative outcomes (especially if it is without endangering themselves)
They are indeed responsible for the outcome of the situation, even if you are otherwise not forced to be involved.
In fact many countries legislate in that and can and will charge you if you have failed to act in such a situation.
This is one of the best lectures in 2023 for me 👏👏👏👏👏
I think philosophy is the most important subject to be learned by all educated people.
I åm chinêsê ånd I wånt tó têll followings to all of yóů! :
Yóů cån't find åny rêdêmptión ór hópê in Chinå, it's å cóůntry withóůt thóůghts.
å dêgênêråtê pópůlåtión, å sóůllêss pópůlåtión.
This cóůntry hås pródůcêd nó nåtůrål sciêncê, nó sóciål sciêncê, nó hůmånistic thróůgh its históry.
Chinêsê pêóplê håvê nêvêr thóůght ónê thing tó clêår in thêir thóůsånds yêårs históry.
Thê êlitês in chinå's históry årê åll êgóists ånd nårcissists, thê cůltůrê thêy crêåtê is růbbish.
Thê Chinêsê hås thê cåpåbility tó livê with thê big liês hånging åbóvê thêir hêåds, CCP dêcêivês ånd ênslåvês thêm, thêy årê willing tó dó êvil fór CCP, fór bênêfit. Thêy årê idióts dåncing ůndêr thê cóntról óf CCP.
Thêy årê mórålly dêpråvêd ånd dårê tó dó ånything.
I têll yóů hónêstly, this cóůntry drivês mê cråzy.
yessss
@politically incorrect guy faith and theology only tell you the bare minimum. Philosophy has expanded upon the truths faith has provided. Aquinas, Maimonides, Averroes, Augustine, are just some examples of this. Without philosophy, we wouldn't have any of their ideas
@Andrew Bowen Philosophy is a recreational degree, full of abstract conspiracy theories about the universe. If you actually want to answers life's biggest questions, I suggest researching some faith, religion, theology and ideology.
6.
From what I've learned from Batman. Deciding to kill, changes you, weather you are forced to or not. To me, protecting life is critical and a scenario of that situation shouldn't, ever, happen... period.
Now for my own sake of thought, I haven’t seen this video.. but I do wish to become an attorney and hopefully my definition of justice whenever I do come back to see this, will either be the same or different. Can’t wait to see.
Thank you very much so much for this video. It was very instructive.
54 minutes went by fast. This is fascinating. Wish I discovered this sooner.
I find it hard to believe that Harvard students had not already heard of the trolley problem
Hearing lectures like this for free is just of the things that the internet offers. Thank you! 😍
I agree!! Here we are, sitting in pajamas, eating Mac n Cheese and Doritos, watching a Harvard University course class!
@T. Yen i payed for a sociology class in college and my professor just played all of the videos all quarter
Imagine people don't have internet 😥
@parimtm [NIT G]✔ it was not.
The right thing to do would be to judge everyone's value based on their actions/choices (I know, pretty impossible - would require immense power & something like the ability to comb through peoples memories so that nothing could be hidden & only the truth remained).
Then provide eye to eye justice for the side that suffered by choosing the fate of the one that made them or their loved ones suffer. If they don't have the stomach for it, a fate will be chosen for them by the party holding the hearing. Fates are put into motion on the spot right after the hearing & for everyone to see (should provide some closure to the ones affected).
Every hearing will be recorded & available for public to watch if they so desire. Public figure hearings are highlighted & constantly streamed live (subjects are put into stasis to await their turn).
The public figures, responsible for way too many wrongs are judged one by one & will most likely take thousands of years to process. Individual hearings are held in every city on this planet in multiple locations. The people affected the closest are invited, upon conformation that they have received the invite but decided not to attend, the hearing will be judged by the party holding it.
By my estimation, 2/3 of the population (probably more) will be eradicated in the cruelest ways possible based of the actions & choices they made in life. There will be things that will lessen the sentence, for example the purity of guilt or how strong is the wish to go back & do things differently. At the hearing, no one is able to lie & everyone's memories can be put on display on demand. The wrongdoings will be listed, named & shown to everyone. Nothing will be hidden or censored. The only thing on display will be the truth.
I believe after something like this, humanity would be provided with a clean slate & could be directed into a better future with some careful nurturing.
Of course there are many steps yet to take after the eradication process. Like the rewriting of human DNA; infertility; currency, border & religion removal; standardization; focus on education, science & arts; justice system that does not require monitoring & so much more.
The above is just wishful thinking, fiction if you will, something that I believe would provide our species a clean slate & with proper guidance, build a better world.
This teacher is really engaging i would listen to everyone of his lessons.
My italian teacher its extremely boring she just talks for 2 hours about stuff with a monotone voice and then complains half of the class falls asleep lol
This was interesting. Really had me thinking. Many can give their opinions and debate what is morally wrong or what one would do, but unless one is stuck in these situations, one wouldn't know for sure what one would do. When speaking in reference to sacrificing one to save a few. (Regarding the cannibalism.) It becomes complicated. I am not a fan of cannibalism and do see that as morally wrong, but I can understand the situation, if one were to be stuck with no food for a long period of time. It could turn anyone to cannibalism to survive. No matter how mentally sane the individual is, one could do things that could be considered mentally questionable. When someone is undergoing trauma it will affect anyone. Has anyone seen Tom Hanks Cast away movie? Even his mental health deteriorated. When trying to survive, it will come down to how much one wants to survive. Let's say one doesn't want to turn to sacrificing another, what if you are the one that gets sacrificed? When stuck in a situation where one hasn't eaten in a long length of time, it is bound to affect an individuals reasoning, and the need for survival. A part of human nature is self-preservation. Even when in less problematic situations, individuals turn to self-preservation. Has anyone seen the Saw series? A group of individuals are stuck in unfortunate circumstances and they would eventually turn on each other. That is human nature. One can say what is right and what is wrong, but until one is stuck in that circumstance, one wouldn't really know. 🤔 🧐
i would never skip classes if my professor would be engaging like this.
True, it is surprising me how many students aew getting up and leaving
We need this kind of lecture.
In philosophy, there are no wrong answers. Just interesting questions.
tu o la sensila
@Karcharias You're right. I should've said deduction.
I will hold that you're misunderstanding the nature of his statement and my meaning. His statement didn't necessarily have any pertinence to the truth value of any epistemic claim but rather the degree at which we are capable of appraising this value. I'd agree that there is a truth status that various statements have that is in no way conditional to human convention but rather our subjective nature only permits us to make judgements on how justified these statements are and not how true they are.
It may seem as though a statement that is justified and irrefutable must be true however that is only within the scope of our knowledge and understanding. Knowledge that isn’t absolute to be specific. Truth requires certainty and certainty is something that humans are incapable of sufficiently achieving due to our limited knowledge.
To address your syllogism thing. The absence of wrongness does not necessitate or imply the presence of correctness. You'd have to actually show how it does if you plan to engage with the substance of what I'm saying.
@JustusFX It is not induction at all. It is pure deduction. I did not induce this by observation of something, like a ball consistently falling by gravity, but the premise inevitably leads to the conclusion and it is a logical deduction. Let us walk through it.
Premise 1 - There is a right or wrong answer to every question.
Premise 2 - There are no wrong answers.
Therefore - All answers are correct.
Now, your issue is with premise one. However, does belief about an answer constitute proof that Premise 1 is false? Not in the slightest. Mere belief about wether a question has a right or wrong answer is not evidence of even the slightest kind. You would have to show that there is at least one question for which either a right or wrong answer is simply logically impossible to disprove the premise. You have merely offered someone's belief and that is evidence of nothing.
So the deduction stands.
@JaSo Truth is absolute. Even the statement, "There is no absolute truth", implies the existence of absolute truth.
Epistemically:
"There is no absolute truth" would have to be an absolute truth. To say that there is nothing of something, is synonymous to saying that the absence of this thing is absolute.
Semantically:
The use of the auxiliary verb, "is", implies that the object/subject exists even if only on an abstract degree. The statement is self-negating.
So KZclip has finally considered me as worthy to be recommended to Harvard's lecture after all these years.