As a person who has spent 35 years in silicon valley's chip industry, while this video has many things right it also misses many pieces of the puzzle. Labor cost is not the primary reason chip manufacturing moved offshore. A huge factor was that chip fabs are extremely expensive and capital for building them was very expensive in the USA in the 80s when this trend really ramped up. The inflation of the 70s was a mighty contributor to that. Yes, it is true that the south Korean and Taiwanese governments were very supportive of having their engineering students pursue graduate education in the USA and such students often dominated the Semiconductor section of American Graduate schools from at least the late 1970s. In my grad school 20 of 23 Research Assistants in Semiconductor physics were from either Taiwan or S. Korea. only 2 were Americans. Taiwan and S. Korea saw the strategic value while American politicians didnt distinguish between potato chips and semiconductor chips as one politico explicitly stated.
@Joe but part of it is true too. EE is the safest way for your to achieve top 90% income percentile in US as well. Of course your dream might achieve such good living status, but probability just lower.
@bassyey You may be right that Americans don't want to take factory jobs, but labor cost simply isnt the reason the factories moved offshore. Assembly moving offshore was labor cost related but not semiconductor fabs. semiconductor fabs are full of equipment that costs as much as 150 million dollars apiece. Its the cost of capital in the 80s that did it. Mortgages were as high as 17% in the 80s. Taiwan and Korean Governments were willing to subsidize fabs. Even now in passing the semiconductor act and its 52 billion, Samsung is putting up 5 times that amount by itself to build fabs in Korea. And the US government has put lots of extra conditions on the fabs once they are operating that are not helpful. Is the USA serious? Not really, it seems. The risk of Taiwan being taken over by force is pretty serious. Half the world's chips are fabricated there.
I don't think both countries face pressure. US faces far greater pressure because of its very enlightened social constructs. For example, if an American had stolen secrets from work in China, it is not inconceivable to Chinese government to put all Americans in China under 24 hour surveillance, which would likely be supported by the Chinese population. US has a greater pressure because it is more enlightened when it comes to civil liberties.
As someone who works as a scientific glassblower for the semiconductor industry, it's really interesting to see the geopolitical impact of some of the components we use. We just make the glass and send it off, without really knowing how the apparatuses are used. This is the first time I've seen one of our customers mentioned outside of work.
@Chibdibs First guy starts off saying that China's only mistake was in endangering US position of power. All the other countries teaming up with the US against China makes sense as they don't want to lose their position either and he ends by saying we'll see whoever wins the war. The other comments are about migrant Chinese and how views have been changing to more individualism and less socialism
Actually, before ASML became the exclusive supplier of advanced lithography machines, Canon and Nikon held significant market share. For quite a few years Japan and China had a fairly good economic relationship, and the Japanese companies assisted China in building their own lithography machines. China actually managed to put together machines capable of 90nm nodes by SMEE, though I don't think it's actually certified for production use yet. However, both the US and Japanese government had noticed this and are vowing to put a stop to it, making any advancements by SMEE very challenging.
"making any advancements by SMEE very challenging" don't you love capitalism? if humanity didn't have all these trade secrets (nationalism & capitalism) and patent system we would be so much better when we work together and everyone has access to all knowledge to improve
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There's also a small matter of the Senkaku Islands that traditionally belong to Japan, but the Chinese claim is theirs. Every time their Coast Guards meet up the Chinese get all riled up and burning Japanese flags or smashing up Chinese owned Japanese restaurants.
I'm always surprised how relatively unknown a company like ASML is to the larger audience. It has a unique key strategic position in the world that no other company has. You don't often see that and it represents both a strength and a weakness for the free western world.
As someone living in Taiwan, I can safely say, our chip manufacturing is one of the main reasons as to why China and US has not gone to full blown war. The stakes are just too high if we were to be destroyed in between.
even if some people say TSMC try to transfer back in USA, there are almost no diligent workers in America accepting highly pressuring work employments like Taiwanese do so it hardly will succeed.
@Aphorim Unfortunately, those alternatives to ASML is still years ahead to catching up to the company. Since there are a lot of company that produces machines for DUV but non are able to produce machines such as EUV or the current one in development by ASML or High NA. ASML got a head start years ago and if any of these company wishes to compete on the same level then they are going to need partnership with this company or have more resources to potentially reduce the timeframe.
you have a fundamental misunderstanding of what Taiwan represents to Chinese national security. Chips are important, yes, but looking a how the island is geographically situated with the mainland shows why the issue exists before and beyond the importance of semiconductors.
I’ve been watching this happen and trying to stay up to date with this, you’ve done a pretty great job in showing how truly reliant and nearly immutable the world is on this supply chain, and the problems ahead
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@Jorge Madrazzo this was pretty informative, and remember that one, this profession generally spends 8 years learning and two, this person cares enough to be concerned for how much education he got. This implies he studies on his own as well.
@Mike Kleanthous good for you that you have gone through medical school. That is a great accomplishment. I still find it difficult to believe that there is no 10 minute time span you have learned more just impossible. With all the studying and the stress you have been through
The following does not apply to all of you. Who has been belittling you and causing you fears of incompetence and failure, as to project this onto me? I’ve researched dopamine, the other neurotransmitters you mentioned, and all fields of surgery, without a specialization as of now. The comment was not an hyperbole, the scale of implications and depth in time the video went to in 10 minutes, is the most of any lecture I saw for ten minutes, and delivered so much on the subject. I spent more than a thousand 10-minutes chunks of studying. So back to my question, who has been belittling you and causing you fears of incompetence and failure, as to project this onto me?
Some extra info: Zeiss, a german company that produces lenses is also the only company with the most advanced lenses which asml uses for their machines.
@BlackPrince fusion does “work” it’s just not efficient. There have been some successful fusion experiments in laboratories, such as the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in the US, and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), currently under construction in France. These experiments have shown that fusion is possible and can produce energy, but we are still working on developing practical fusion reactors that can produce more energy than they consume.
very good high level overview of the situation! There are alternative technologies in play but this is a really good starting point for anyone interested in the geopolitics of chips.
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Great video. It enlightened me to the reasons behind the increase of taxes that the US had implemented and why they were going after so many China tech companies.
Brilliant video. Thanks. While it may seem like the "chip war" is between China and the US allies, it's actually pretty 2 dimensional. US allies (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) too are competing among themselves to out-pace each other. No one wants to end up in a situation where it can be casted out easily. While TSMC (of Taiwan) is building new plants in both America and Japan, their foreign investments do not involve most advanced technology, keeping the US' incentive to defend Taiwan from China intact. Both Japan and South Korea has announced their own set of lucrative subsidies to poach companies from each other countries. They are also worried about losing market share in China and China hampering the supply chain of raw materials if it feels cornered. This is just the beginning.
@리드 Yes because you have insider information? Russia did help China initially but they pulled out because USSR and China became enemies very soon. You clearly don't know the history behind it. With that said, China has plenty of challenges on semiconductor front. These require very strong foundational science which China is still playing catch up. No one can predict for sure how long it'll take China to catch up.
@朴俊光Park joon Kwang China's nuclear bomb and space station technology are all developed thanks to russia 😂 No country can help china this time because russia is also a country that lacks semiconductor technology
An insightful examination of the geopolitics surrounding the semiconductor industry. The concept of "silicon sovereignty" sheds light on the growing trend of techno-nationalism in the industry. The power dynamics between different players in the digiconomy and the geopolitical landscape are having a significant impact on the microchip landscape. It is crucial that we understand these intricacies in order to fully grasp the implications of this important topic.
You forgot to mention we are reaching the physical limitations when it comes to chip design, we are reaching the physical limitation on semiconductor technology and would need some breakthrough in physics to go even smaller
One of the other key points as to why the US is so protective is their understanding of Chinese technological development. China doesn’t have the same innovation priorities that the US does so their ability to grow organically is impaired. However they have remarkable abilities in breaking down, analyzing, and replicating preexisting components and tech. Thus getting blueprints or samples of cutting edge technology can enable them to catapult the the forefront.
Robert Noyce received the patent for the first computer chip and planar chip technology. It is shocking that this very important fact is ignored. Also, Intel was co-founded by Robert Noyce and Bob Moore.
everyone stands up for their own interest. For China and all other developing countries the current intellectual properties are not quite fair. So it's more of a struggle for market and technology as well as the interpretation of rules.
Its not three anymore - the SW for making Chips is Synopsys (SNPS), Cadence (CDNS) and MENtor ( which is now part of Siemens. There are actually a lot of smaller IC design tool vendors from time to time like Magma .
1:17 the things circled are the inputs and outputs which would connect to the pinouts or wires. the transistors are actually made of the middle parts where p-type and n-type doped silicon makes bridged connections based on the electron flow.
Yes! Also the chip that Biden is holding at 5:21 is nowhere near 114B transistors. The 114B they are refering to is most probably the m1 ultra, which is way larger than that chip, which looks like a small memory module.
This is not a war of technology, but an economy. Sure, making a 1nm chip is impressive, it will be achieved much faster by TSMC than China will do. But to make such chips cheap, consumer-available and sustainable, that's a whole new game. It's only a matter of a few years, how long China will achieve chips like 3nm, then all advantages of the Chinese economy will prevail to the benefit of China. I also like how, China is catching up playing alone when all others together try to beat her.
Very, very beautifully illustrated. This is a world we don't want to live in, though. We'll be looking back at the optimism, cooperation and, consequentially, wealth created in the 90s and beyond as a golden age of human development.
@Kawper Mind you if there's no TSMC diligently manufacturing with the most efficient quality ASML won't succeed. TSMC now in USA found no employee willing to work hard for it like Taiwanese people.
@tooltalk Depends on how you define recently, 1992 is when they we're solidified as the world's top chip manufacturer and 82 is when they were founded.
Japan and most Japanese people don't understand this story. Toshiba had an impairment loss from the nuclear business, so the newspaper company was only reporting surface information that it had downsized its business and International position. Recently, a semiconductor start-up company in Hokkaido has said that it will overtake TSMC. It will be interesting to see what happens.
Good information but you sort of glosses over why companies started outsourcing to TSMC - it was about a change of business model from companies designing and building chips to just designing and outsourcing the building to a third party. These third parties could scale operations much better. Also they had heavy subsidies from the government of Taiwan - a point that is really important to note.
@QQ2019 "Lawmakers within the island nation have reportedly passed additional legislation that will allow local chipmakers to turn up to 25 percent of their annual research and development expenses into tax credits in a move said to be aimed at ensuring Taiwan's continued leadership in semiconductor manufacturing." - TSMC spends something like $20-30B in R&D so yes, there are massive tax credits which are subsidies
The change of business model was the outcome, but not the reason why companies started outsourcing to TSMC. The reason was simple, it was about driving down costs as most companies simply lacked the ressources to invest into their own fabs and each new node. Having a neutral manufacturing company that specializes in this task and works with all design companies maximizes the utilitzation of the fabs and spreads their large sunken costs over many shoulders, driving down the costs for all. On the other hand, there are some downsides to this approach which get covered in the video, e.g. geopolitics and the hard dependancy on a single supplier that are a strategic risk for the design companies. We have seen that in the pandemic, too. TSMC raised prises and was not able to keep up with demand while international trade got more restrictive over night.
This Cold War between the 2 is a major reason why no one should be reliant on either party when it comes to semi conductors. As an Indian, I’d very much like to use our technology brains and become self reliant on this front in the next 20 years.
@ADR china is a developed country that was supported by a superpower called ussr and china wasn't looted by the europeans like india was. also i never said that was a criteria it was just a example.
a lot of western optoelectronic companies have moved away from China after the mid 2000's because of IP infringement. Unlike complex high-density CPU's on silicon, optoelectronic tech involves a lot of III-V semiconductor epitaxy and bespoke fab processes - once those are know it's a lot easier to replicate and sell them for a significantly cheaper price. In the UK a lot these industries were lost over the last couple decades. With regards to warfare we're constantly on the cusp of losing our steel industry. I guess paying profits to shareholders is a lot more important than state security.
Maybe some people are so used to them making money in other’s market and keeping per-unit high profit to themselves, as is done in Africa or other underdeveloped countries. Many cooperations between IP owners and China companies sometimes local government, are stated upfront clearly that in exchange of the access to China market, these IP owners agree to share more tech details so China people can learn and improve. Latest example is Tesla in Shanghai, China. China gets the tech, Tesla gets cheap land, labor and high quality of craft. Pure business. Ultimately IP owners are making more money. And high tech is brought to more population at low cost to elevate the living standard of the entire world, when IP owners come and say: China steals (and I can make more - No, you cannot). The entire microchip market today won’t exist if China didn’t participate. ASML, TSMC and the US investors behind them will lose money without China. It can be this way for another few decades when each contributes together, but US chooses to weaponize microchip and China has to develop its own.
I used to work with both companies even before they were as big as these days. The Taiwanese and the Dutch holds the key in todays high tech and should use their strength to stop all the madness going on these days.
What is circled at 1:13 as "transistors" are not transistors! They are the metal pin contacts. The transistors are in the center of the wafer, formed by the metal layers and polysilicon (slightly darker blue) region.
Before 2004, the United States led the world in semiconductor technology, and foundries had to pay IBM's technology license fees. But in 2004, TSMC took the lead in developing 0.13-micron copper process technology ahead of IBM, ushering in the era of Taiwan's semiconductor technology leading the world. In 2014, IBM withdrew from the foundry business, and TSMC considered buying IBM's fab in New York State. However, even though IBM's technology has lagged behind Taiwan by a decade, the US Department of Defense and IBM, still worried about the already fading American technology influx into Taiwan, rejected the deal. High-tech semiconductor technology is the result of Taiwan's efforts to develop, and now the United States claims to "bring back" semiconductor production to the United States.
IMO, asml, tsmc, Amd, and Nvidia are all really great companies to invest in. They're literally in most tech out there. Underrated stocks still imo. Got lucky and bought them when they were low, so easier for me to tout about them. But I still believe in them so I recommend them long term. Not financial advice, just my opinion haha.
What most people do not realize about high performance chips, is that the circuits are etched by acid, and the more compact the circuits are (higher density), the stronger the acid has to be to etch the circuits. This leads to a higher chance of explosive results as the transistor size decreases. This is why there are fewer HP chip makers and if a production line burns up, it has a ripple effect in the supply chain. the entire 2020 shortage of microprocessors (still) impacting the car industry is an example.
No etched by acid and no explosive results in making the chip. Light and coating are used in chip production. Low power and in a clean room. To do a 5-nanometer circuit line only takes a little energy to print it.
There are a lot of chemicals used for manufacturing. Any kind of acid is no more dangerous than others. Also chip etching is more about building it layer by layer like a Lego model.
I have seen a video of ASML and the factory in the Netherlands. The technology is really sophisticated and complex. If anything were to happen to that singular place and/or TSMC, there's a good chance we can regress technologically as a human race because the technology is not being shared and is monopolized. Really scary if you think about it.
@D.O.G why would it be? Realpolitik. US has limited resources and various interests, thus we don’t have the resources to stop every moral wrong, we must prioritize especially when facing a superpower like China
The video a little bit simplified the chip industry. It's much more complicated. Taiwan and some other countries, they own only production, manufacturing chip plants, whereas US and some European countries, they have technologies and design.
@Sarawak's Sky Dweller : yeah, that's b/c they weren't that important until a few years ago. Other companies will come along replace them in importance in a few years.
@baodeus1 The only reason to live is to get things you want, not just what you need, unless you truly enjoy just having what you need, which is very few people, if any. You can't change your wants, which forces everyone to suffer at least a little, more so if their more poor, which is why "money can't buy happiness" is wrong in 99% of cases.
@VIBaJ 16 There is need and there is want. It doesn't take a lot to meet your need (if I'm hungry, I just need to eat something and I'm satisfied). Wants comes from need, just more of it (I don't just want to eat, I want to eat excessively, I want to eat only certain things, I want Michelin star). Then if I don't get what I want, I suffer. It is worth it to suffer over things that you don't need (want in this case)?
@Sam McClaim Yeah, like less than 2%, and yet more than 60% of people in Taiwan recognize themselves as only Taiwanese not chinese at all how do you say about that?
Seems like the competition over chips is very much ongoing, and the US relying on Taiwan so strongly is a pretty big source of weakness in its supply chain...
Most time having knowledge or insight about a particular activity can as well be a pleasing exercise. I can boldly say that forex and crypto trading is one of the profitable money exchange with services that elevates investors and Finicial status.
The chip industry is literally central to every bit of invention and innovation for the western world. No one can compete with Europe South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, UK and the US on this it would literally be impossible
Diamond Semiconductors are the rarest and most expensive of the four semiconductors. They sell for 25,000 credits in stores. They are dropped by very powerful enemies, like Enhanced Brutes.
Even if China can gain influence over Taiwan that doesn’t mean dominance in chip manufacturing, as necessary software and machinery to produce such chips are only made in the us and Netherlands. The Chinese governments best move would be to invest significantly into paying software engineer graduates competitive rates that keeps them from wanting to move to the us or other countries
@ShadowThruNight Technological innovation has nothing to do with being able to "speak your mind". Your whole comment seems very one-dimensional and myopic.
How to make china a great nation 1. Population 2. Skills 3. Manufacturing 4. World Reliance 5. Be Friendly on Neighborhood Country 6. Self Technology Advancement 7. Time 3.
German company Zeiss is another vital step in the chain that provides ASML with the high precision lithography lenses needed to make lithography machines
I honestly think one side holding a technology is scary, no matter if it’s us or them. Like a wise man once said, nuclear weapon keeps us safe because both side have them
It safe to say that regardless of which political party controls the White House and Congress, it won't affect the foreign policy strategy of "containing" China. One of the few positives of superpower competition is the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge.
The chip war is having alot of negative consequences for the US as well. China being the largest consumer of chips being cut off means a disastrous hit to US chipmaker profits resulting in mass layoffs and less money for R&D. Combined with the impending end of Moores law due to chip features becoming literally smaller than atoms. all indications are that china will catch up. This isn't like the race between the USSR because the USSR never had a commercial tech sector and wasn't the global exporter of electronics. The sheer demand within china for semiconductors means chinese chip companies are set to grow rapidly due to a captive market imposed by the US. Wheras the US will have to subsidies its chip sector for the hundreds of billions in lost sales.
As someone who works as a chemical physicist for the mine engineering industry, it's amazing how china has intrusively adapt but eventually getting smoked-out incomprehensively.
The chip war is not in the narrow sense about security. It is about the United States maintaining its technological superiority over a rival which in turn affects its economic and military supremacy.
Russia lags well behind the USA in electronics but still retains the world's second most powerful military machine title, China doesn't even come close to. Missing the forest for the tree.😂
I laugh. 4 transistors. 16 transistors. Today I'm working on a chip with over 16 billion transistors. During the first Cold War, a U.S. film captured the spirit of that Cold War on both sides with the title, "What If They Gave A War and Nobody Came?" For this one, we hope and pray that it stays cold while manufacturing more ammunition.
Western countries (via SWF) should invest on TSMC ‘s stocks, this way, Taiwan will be assuring some protection on a plausible China military occupation scenario.
As a person who has spent 35 years in silicon valley's chip industry, while this video has many things right it also misses many pieces of the puzzle. Labor cost is not the primary reason chip manufacturing moved offshore. A huge factor was that chip fabs are extremely expensive and capital for building them was very expensive in the USA in the 80s when this trend really ramped up. The inflation of the 70s was a mighty contributor to that. Yes, it is true that the south Korean and Taiwanese governments were very supportive of having their engineering students pursue graduate education in the USA and such students often dominated the Semiconductor section of American Graduate schools from at least the late 1970s. In my grad school 20 of 23 Research Assistants in Semiconductor physics were from either Taiwan or S. Korea. only 2 were Americans. Taiwan and S. Korea saw the strategic value while American politicians didnt distinguish between potato chips and semiconductor chips as one politico explicitly stated.
bootleg ben shapiro 😂
@Joe but part of it is true too. EE is the safest way for your to achieve top 90% income percentile in US as well. Of course your dream might achieve such good living status, but probability just lower.
@bassyey You may be right that Americans don't want to take factory jobs, but labor cost simply isnt the reason the factories moved offshore. Assembly moving offshore was labor cost related but not semiconductor fabs. semiconductor fabs are full of equipment that costs as much as 150 million dollars apiece. Its the cost of capital in the 80s that did it. Mortgages were as high as 17% in the 80s. Taiwan and Korean Governments were willing to subsidize fabs. Even now in passing the semiconductor act and its 52 billion, Samsung is putting up 5 times that amount by itself to build fabs in Korea. And the US government has put lots of extra conditions on the fabs once they are operating that are not helpful. Is the USA serious? Not really, it seems. The risk of Taiwan being taken over by force is pretty serious. Half the world's chips are fabricated there.
But US is rich, all boils down to labor. Americans are too prideful and don't take factory jobs then complain their jobs are being stolen.
@Redd Hong : just wondering, how low is TSMC's engineers wage in Taiwan?
The production of this is fantastic and really shows the pressures that both countries face. Great job by the production team.
I don't think both countries face pressure. US faces far greater pressure because of its very enlightened social constructs.
For example, if an American had stolen secrets from work in China, it is not inconceivable to Chinese government to put all Americans in China under 24 hour surveillance, which would likely be supported by the Chinese population.
US has a greater pressure because it is more enlightened when it comes to civil liberties.
清衝唐玲玲
@Bhaskar Mehra if the y-axis is exponentially scaled, a straight line represents exponential growth. It’s not a “weird scale” and it is used often
As someone who works as a scientific glassblower for the semiconductor industry, it's really interesting to see the geopolitical impact of some of the components we use.
We just make the glass and send it off, without really knowing how the apparatuses are used. This is the first time I've seen one of our customers mentioned outside of work.
@Chibdibs First guy starts off saying that China's only mistake was in endangering US position of power. All the other countries teaming up with the US against China makes sense as they don't want to lose their position either and he ends by saying we'll see whoever wins the war.
The other comments are about migrant Chinese and how views have been changing to more individualism and less socialism
Really wish I knew what they were saying. Google translate is not doing me any favors.
Actually, before ASML became the exclusive supplier of advanced lithography machines, Canon and Nikon held significant market share. For quite a few years Japan and China had a fairly good economic relationship, and the Japanese companies assisted China in building their own lithography machines. China actually managed to put together machines capable of 90nm nodes by SMEE, though I don't think it's actually certified for production use yet. However, both the US and Japanese government had noticed this and are vowing to put a stop to it, making any advancements by SMEE very challenging.
@SFPhilo. Lol sure.
"making any advancements by SMEE very challenging" don't you love capitalism? if humanity didn't have all these trade secrets (nationalism & capitalism) and patent system we would be so much better when we work together and everyone has access to all knowledge to improve
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@SFPhiloInternational relations are always changing
There's also a small matter of the Senkaku Islands that traditionally belong to Japan, but the Chinese claim is theirs. Every time their Coast Guards meet up the Chinese get all riled up and burning Japanese flags or smashing up Chinese owned Japanese restaurants.
I'm always surprised how relatively unknown a company like ASML is to the larger audience. It has a unique key strategic position in the world that no other company has. You don't often see that and it represents both a strength and a weakness for the free western world.
@Sustenance The average person doesn't know ASML
How so? I’ve never heard of this company before now.
As someone living in Taiwan, I can safely say, our chip manufacturing is one of the main reasons as to why China and US has not gone to full blown war. The stakes are just too high if we were to be destroyed in between.
even if some people say TSMC try to transfer back in USA, there are almost no diligent workers in America accepting highly pressuring work employments like Taiwanese do so it hardly will succeed.
American company😂😂
@Aphorim
Unfortunately, those alternatives to ASML is still years ahead to catching up to the company. Since there are a lot of company that produces machines for DUV but non are able to produce machines such as EUV or the current one in development by ASML or High NA.
ASML got a head start years ago and if any of these company wishes to compete on the same level then they are going to need partnership with this company or have more resources to potentially reduce the timeframe.
you have a fundamental misunderstanding of what Taiwan represents to Chinese national security. Chips are important, yes, but looking a how the island is geographically situated with the mainland shows why the issue exists before and beyond the importance of semiconductors.
Great video. You managed to breakdown the complexity of this whole situation into easy to understand pieces for all.
I’ve been watching this happen and trying to stay up to date with this, you’ve done a pretty great job in showing how truly reliant and nearly immutable the world is on this supply chain, and the problems ahead
What a clear and perfect way to explain the chip Coldwar! Great work Vox team
I wrote my thesis on this very topic about 1 1/2 years ago and it is always great to see this topic get brought up more and more
This is the sickest most informative ten minutes of my six academic years in medical school. Vox, you’ve outdone yourselves 💪🏼
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@Jorge Madrazzo this was pretty informative, and remember that one, this profession generally spends 8 years learning and two, this person cares enough to be concerned for how much education he got. This implies he studies on his own as well.
@Mike Kleanthous good for you that you have gone through medical school. That is a great accomplishment. I still find it difficult to believe that there is no 10 minute time span you have learned more just impossible. With all the studying and the stress you have been through
The following does not apply to all of you. Who has been belittling you and causing you fears of incompetence and failure, as to project this onto me? I’ve researched dopamine, the other neurotransmitters you mentioned, and all fields of surgery, without a specialization as of now. The comment was not an hyperbole, the scale of implications and depth in time the video went to in 10 minutes, is the most of any lecture I saw for ten minutes, and delivered so much on the subject. I spent more than a thousand 10-minutes chunks of studying. So back to my question, who has been belittling you and causing you fears of incompetence and failure, as to project this onto me?
People getting mad to an hyperbole.
Some extra info: Zeiss, a german company that produces lenses is also the only company with the most advanced lenses which asml uses for their machines.
@D.O.G you sound like the amish people.
@JuriKcenturies ! I ride on my donkey to work and we dry the corn and the chilies on the fast lane - because there are no cars !
germany is backwarded in IT sector. decades behind usa, south korea, taiwan.
@Elaine Munro Germany and the Netherlands are allies - they would never go to war
@BlackPrince fusion does “work” it’s just not efficient.
There have been some successful fusion experiments in laboratories, such as the Joint European Torus (JET) in the UK, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in the US, and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), currently under construction in France. These experiments have shown that fusion is possible and can produce energy, but we are still working on developing practical fusion reactors that can produce more energy than they consume.
very good high level overview of the situation! There are alternative technologies in play but this is a really good starting point for anyone interested in the geopolitics of chips.
Enjoyed every minute of watching this and learned a whole LOT. Thanks Vox
This was an absolute great video
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Very nice
Wow
Very nice 👍👍👍
Bien
Great video. It enlightened me to the reasons behind the increase of taxes that the US had implemented and why they were going after so many China tech companies.
Brilliant video. Thanks.
While it may seem like the "chip war" is between China and the US allies, it's actually pretty 2 dimensional. US allies (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) too are competing among themselves to out-pace each other. No one wants to end up in a situation where it can be casted out easily. While TSMC (of Taiwan) is building new plants in both America and Japan, their foreign investments do not involve most advanced technology, keeping the US' incentive to defend Taiwan from China intact.
Both Japan and South Korea has announced their own set of lucrative subsidies to poach companies from each other countries. They are also worried about losing market share in China and China hampering the supply chain of raw materials if it feels cornered.
This is just the beginning.
"allies"
Just say colonies man
@리드 Yes because you have insider information? Russia did help China initially but they pulled out because USSR and China became enemies very soon. You clearly don't know the history behind it.
With that said, China has plenty of challenges on semiconductor front. These require very strong foundational science which China is still playing catch up. No one can predict for sure how long it'll take China to catch up.
@朴俊光Park joon Kwang And china's economic growth rate is declining
@朴俊光Park joon Kwang China's nuclear bomb and space station technology are all developed thanks to russia 😂
No country can help china this time because russia is also a country that lacks semiconductor technology
An insightful examination of the geopolitics surrounding the semiconductor industry. The concept of "silicon sovereignty" sheds light on the growing trend of techno-nationalism in the industry. The power dynamics between different players in the digiconomy and the geopolitical landscape are having a significant impact on the microchip landscape. It is crucial that we understand these intricacies in order to fully grasp the implications of this important topic.
Greatly explained! Issue has been going on for years and this is the first time im seeing good coverage of underlying geopolitical issues
Loved this video, extremely well maid, informative and entertaining! Great work.
Great video. You managed to breakdown the complexity of this whole situation🙂🙂
Always love the videos in this series. Excellent job again!
Every now and then Vox just makes me fall in love with this world and its geopolitics, loved it
ok
*Top 10 Key Market Players in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment*
Tokyo Electron limited (Japan)
LAM research corporation (US)
ASML (Netherlands)
Applied Materials, Inc. ( US)
KLA Corporation (US)
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ( Japan)
Teradyne US)
Advantest (Japan)
Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (Japan)
Plasma-Therm (US)
"this world and its geopolitics" seen through the "vox" vision.😂
This kind of videos are the reason why I subscribed to Vox. More of these please!
You forgot to mention we are reaching the physical limitations when it comes to chip design, we are reaching the physical limitation on semiconductor technology and would need some breakthrough in physics to go even smaller
One of the other key points as to why the US is so protective is their understanding of Chinese technological development. China doesn’t have the same innovation priorities that the US does so their ability to grow organically is impaired. However they have remarkable abilities in breaking down, analyzing, and replicating preexisting components and tech. Thus getting blueprints or samples of cutting edge technology can enable them to catapult the the forefront.
@D.O.G Yes, stealing something that the US does not have.
@Sweetie Jason international law for instance 😂
Thanks for spending the time to create and share this content awareness
Excellent production team to export a highly informative video to show mass people what exactly going on between these two giants.
Robert Noyce received the patent for the first computer chip and planar chip technology. It is shocking that this very important fact is ignored. Also, Intel was co-founded by Robert Noyce and Bob Moore.
@purplerain thanks for that correction
Gordon* Moore
Never had I understood the chip issue in just 10 min that clearly
awesome production Vox - thanks for that
This is the one of the best videos I have seen recently on the chip war, easy to understand with in-depth analysis. Thank you.
So well made, simple and very informative. thank you!
everyone stands up for their own interest. For China and all other developing countries the current intellectual properties are not quite fair. So it's more of a struggle for market and technology as well as the interpretation of rules.
Brilliant, very well done. Explained succinctly the key players, the potential theft that led to export controls.
Its not three anymore - the SW for making Chips is Synopsys (SNPS), Cadence (CDNS) and MENtor ( which is now part of Siemens. There are actually
a lot of smaller IC design tool vendors from time to time like Magma .
1:17 the things circled are the inputs and outputs which would connect to the pinouts or wires. the transistors are actually made of the middle parts where p-type and n-type doped silicon makes bridged connections based on the electron flow.
Yes! Also the chip that Biden is holding at 5:21 is nowhere near 114B transistors. The 114B they are refering to is most probably the m1 ultra, which is way larger than that chip, which looks like a small memory module.
Glad you pointed this out. I hope Vox sees this and corrects it.
ASML is the most important company in the world most people have never heard of.
INTELLLLLLL
*Top 10 Key Market Players in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment*
Tokyo Electron limited (Japan)
LAM Research Corporation (US)
ASML (Netherlands)
Applied Materials, Inc. ( US)
KLA Corporation (US)
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ( Japan)
Teradyne US)
Advantest (Japan)
Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (Japan)
Plasma-Therm (US)
ASML & TSMC & 3 US chip design software and equipment companies
This is not a war of technology, but an economy. Sure, making a 1nm chip is impressive, it will be achieved much faster by TSMC than China will do. But to make such chips cheap, consumer-available and sustainable, that's a whole new game. It's only a matter of a few years, how long China will achieve chips like 3nm, then all advantages of the Chinese economy will prevail to the benefit of China. I also like how, China is catching up playing alone when all others together try to beat her.
@Tiago Gomes no they couldn't. I have a new invention called a bicycle
Very, very beautifully illustrated. This is a world we don't want to live in, though. We'll be looking back at the optimism, cooperation and, consequentially, wealth created in the 90s and beyond as a golden age of human development.
TSMC has been perfectly described as the most important company most people have never heard of.
@Kawper Mind you if there's no TSMC diligently manufacturing with the most efficient quality ASML won't succeed. TSMC now in USA found no employee willing to work hard for it like Taiwanese people.
TSMC wouldnt be able to make Semiconductors without ASML
For modern time it is for sure
@tooltalk Depends on how you define recently, 1992 is when they we're solidified as the world's top chip manufacturer and 82 is when they were founded.
Japan and most Japanese people don't understand this story.
Toshiba had an impairment loss from the nuclear business, so the newspaper company was only reporting surface information that it had downsized its business and International position.
Recently, a semiconductor start-up company in Hokkaido has said that it will overtake TSMC.
It will be interesting to see what happens.
Good information but you sort of glosses over why companies started outsourcing to TSMC - it was about a change of business model from companies designing and building chips to just designing and outsourcing the building to a third party. These third parties could scale operations much better. Also they had heavy subsidies from the government of Taiwan - a point that is really important to note.
@QQ2019 "Lawmakers within the island nation have reportedly passed additional legislation that will allow local chipmakers to turn up to 25 percent of their annual research and development expenses into tax credits in a move said to be aimed at ensuring Taiwan's continued leadership in semiconductor manufacturing." - TSMC spends something like $20-30B in R&D so yes, there are massive tax credits which are subsidies
The change of business model was the outcome, but not the reason why companies started outsourcing to TSMC. The reason was simple, it was about driving down costs as most companies simply lacked the ressources to invest into their own fabs and each new node. Having a neutral manufacturing company that specializes in this task and works with all design companies maximizes the utilitzation of the fabs and spreads their large sunken costs over many shoulders, driving down the costs for all. On the other hand, there are some downsides to this approach which get covered in the video, e.g. geopolitics and the hard dependancy on a single supplier that are a strategic risk for the design companies. We have seen that in the pandemic, too. TSMC raised prises and was not able to keep up with demand while international trade got more restrictive over night.
That's NOT true! Subsidies from the government to TSMC only in very early days when TSMC got established.
This Cold War between the 2 is a major reason why no one should be reliant on either party when it comes to semi conductors. As an Indian, I’d very much like to use our technology brains and become self reliant on this front in the next 20 years.
@ADR china is a developed country that was supported by a superpower called ussr and china wasn't looted by the europeans like india was. also i never said that was a criteria it was just a example.
a lot of western optoelectronic companies have moved away from China after the mid 2000's because of IP infringement. Unlike complex high-density CPU's on silicon, optoelectronic tech involves a lot of III-V semiconductor epitaxy and bespoke fab processes - once those are know it's a lot easier to replicate and sell them for a significantly cheaper price.
In the UK a lot these industries were lost over the last couple decades. With regards to warfare we're constantly on the cusp of losing our steel industry. I guess paying profits to shareholders is a lot more important than state security.
*Top 10 Key Market Players in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment*
Tokyo Electron limited (Japan)
LAM Research Corporation (US)
ASML (Netherlands)
Applied Materials, Inc. ( US)
KLA Corporation (US)
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ( Japan)
Teradyne US)
Advantest (Japan)
Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (Japan)
Plasma-Therm (US)
Maybe some people are so used to them making money in other’s market and keeping per-unit high profit to themselves, as is done in Africa or other underdeveloped countries.
Many cooperations between IP owners and China companies sometimes local government, are stated upfront clearly that in exchange of the access to China market, these IP owners agree to share more tech details so China people can learn and improve. Latest example is Tesla in Shanghai, China. China gets the tech, Tesla gets cheap land, labor and high quality of craft. Pure business.
Ultimately IP owners are making more money. And high tech is brought to more population at low cost to elevate the living standard of the entire world, when IP owners come and say: China steals (and I can make more - No, you cannot).
The entire microchip market today won’t exist if China didn’t participate. ASML, TSMC and the US investors behind them will lose money without China.
It can be this way for another few decades when each contributes together, but US chooses to weaponize microchip and China has to develop its own.
@William Robinson oh yeah sorry, edited it
@mynameisjoejeans I see, thank you!
@mynameisjoejeans I think youre replying to the wrong person mate lol
You manage to break down the complexity of the whole situation into parts that are easy for all to understand.good video 👍
Why don't we see content like this more often from Vox... Brilliant, absolutely brilliant 👍
You’ve missed one important part: industry’s efforts to thwart intellectual property theft by foreign adversaries. They’ve increased, quite a bit.
I used to work with both companies even before they were as big as these days. The Taiwanese and the Dutch holds the key in todays high tech and should use their strength to stop all the madness going on these days.
@Mujtaba Alam you mean failure if uncle sam to find the WoMD?
@Mujtaba Alam not sure how you make the direct connection between chips and south china sea? well, maybe you work for one of the thinktanks in dc.
You mean China's expansion efforts in the south china sea?
Excellent review of the Chip industry. Good research and presentation.
Very interesting video. One of Vox's best works
How beautifully crafted this video is. "Pure Informative Art"..... Thanks Vox
This is what many of us looking for. Really informative & helpful...thanks for sharing such as awesome stuff...... 👍
What is circled at 1:13 as "transistors" are not transistors! They are the metal pin contacts. The transistors are in the center of the wafer, formed by the metal layers and polysilicon (slightly darker blue) region.
Before 2004, the United States led the world in semiconductor technology, and foundries had to pay IBM's technology license fees. But in 2004, TSMC took the lead in developing 0.13-micron copper process technology ahead of IBM, ushering in the era of Taiwan's semiconductor technology leading the world. In 2014, IBM withdrew from the foundry business, and TSMC considered buying IBM's fab in New York State. However, even though IBM's technology has lagged behind Taiwan by a decade, the US Department of Defense and IBM, still worried about the already fading American technology influx into Taiwan, rejected the deal. High-tech semiconductor technology is the result of Taiwan's efforts to develop, and now the United States claims to "bring back" semiconductor production to the United States.
@Ryan Kakashiar The American people respect and appreciate Taiwan as an ally as well
As long as the Chinese aren’t getting it I am ok with it
TSMC was grounded by Philips (NXP) and the Taiwanese. Philips sold its part.
do you know who grounded TSMC? Right Philips from the Netherlands (now NXP). with the Taiwanese.
Ya
The chip supply chain is very fragile. Years ago there was an earthquake in Taiwan, the prices of RAM memory jumped tenfold
IMO, asml, tsmc, Amd, and Nvidia are all really great companies to invest in. They're literally in most tech out there. Underrated stocks still imo. Got lucky and bought them when they were low, so easier for me to tout about them. But I still believe in them so I recommend them long term. Not financial advice, just my opinion haha.
I LOVED the production of this video. Simply superb. You keep pushing the barriers Vox, you are at the forefront of Moore’s Law.
What most people do not realize about high performance chips, is that the circuits are etched by acid, and the more compact the circuits are (higher density), the stronger the acid has to be to etch the circuits. This leads to a higher chance of explosive results as the transistor size decreases. This is why there are fewer HP chip makers and if a production line burns up, it has a ripple effect in the supply chain. the entire 2020 shortage of microprocessors (still) impacting the car industry is an example.
No etched by acid and no explosive results in making the chip. Light and coating are used in chip production. Low power and in a clean room. To do a 5-nanometer circuit line only takes a little energy to print it.
There are a lot of chemicals used for manufacturing. Any kind of acid is no more dangerous than others. Also chip etching is more about building it layer by layer like a Lego model.
5:50 Correction: ASML also requires optics from Carl Zeiss, Germany, which is the only company in the world being able to produce them.
This was a great and very informative video! I read a bit about the whole chip supply chain process but this video tied everything together nicely.
Magnifique, la concurrence actuellement est axée sur le développement de chipsets pour l'AI et le 5G . Merci pour cette vidéo explicative
Chris Miller's book ( Chip War ) covers this very well also 👍
VOX's videos keep getting better :)
I have seen a video of ASML and the factory in the Netherlands. The technology is really sophisticated and complex. If anything were to happen to that singular place and/or TSMC, there's a good chance we can regress technologically as a human race because the technology is not being shared and is monopolized. Really scary if you think about it.
Yes we. Could quickly have the Chinese have access to it !
Hahahaha 😂
@Artixe _ Very true, I'm just saying if anything were to happen to that company what the implications are.
ASML is a Dutch company. It's not just their factory there lol.
Amazing video, now I've got a better understanding of why the USA is so openly willing to protect Taiwan in the case if China decides to make a move.
The world highest technology almost revolves around Taiwan's producing so it definitely should.
@D.O.G why would it be? Realpolitik. US has limited resources and various interests, thus we don’t have the resources to stop every moral wrong, we must prioritize especially when facing a superpower like China
Oh you mean protecting another country from China being occupied after Tibet is not a reason enough ?
Did anyone else notice that they circled the I/O of the semiconductors and not the transistors themselves? The transistors are in the middle.
electrical engineering graduates laughing😂
Yes, can tell the video maker doesn’t have much technical background
@Dylan J *facepalm*
It's a logarithmic scale, as can be seen by the Y axis markings.
They also showed Moore's law using a linear graph..
Vox never miss on a video.
The video a little bit simplified the chip industry. It's much more complicated. Taiwan and some other countries, they own only production, manufacturing chip plants, whereas US and some European countries, they have technologies and design.
As a person from Taiwan, never thought TSMC was that big
@Sarawak's Sky Dweller : yeah, that's b/c they weren't that important until a few years ago. Other companies will come along replace them in importance in a few years.
*Top 10 Key Market Players in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment*
Tokyo Electron limited (Japan)
LAM Research Corporation (US)
ASML (Netherlands)
Applied Materials, Inc. ( US)
KLA Corporation (US)
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ( Japan)
Teradyne (US)
Advantest (Japan)
Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (Japan)
Plasma-Therm (US)
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@baodeus1 The only reason to live is to get things you want, not just what you need, unless you truly enjoy just having what you need, which is very few people, if any. You can't change your wants, which forces everyone to suffer at least a little, more so if their more poor, which is why "money can't buy happiness" is wrong in 99% of cases.
@VIBaJ 16
There is need and there is want. It doesn't take a lot to meet your need (if I'm hungry, I just need to eat something and I'm satisfied). Wants comes from need, just more of it (I don't just want to eat, I want to eat excessively, I want to eat only certain things, I want Michelin star). Then if I don't get what I want, I suffer. It is worth it to suffer over things that you don't need (want in this case)?
Thanks! I was missing this key part of the story to better understand the whole picture
It makes me happy to see Vox doing stories on subjects that matter.
The circles you drew around the transistors at 1:15 are the bonding pads for the chip interconnect and not the transistors. Please fix this error.
Semiconductor is something that better be open and not monopolized by a single company
More of this, Vox! 👏
What a documentary VOX!
Totally commendable 👌
The Taiwan story is something people really need to pay more attention to. Learned a lot in this one.
@Sam McClaim Yeah, like less than 2%, and yet more than 60% of people in Taiwan recognize themselves as only Taiwanese not chinese at all how do you say about that?
@Sam McClaim Some see themselves as Japanese too, what is your point?
@SickAssApe Taiwanese see themselves as Chinese so what's the problem. Why fall into "divide and rule" trap.
Hi Vox it would be cool if you made a vid on operation paper clip because it’s a pretty interesting topic and many people are unaware of it
Although I already knew most of this information, I still like how you guys broke everything down I learned a few things good job👏🏼😂😂
I like the fact people act this affects them in anyway shape or form, like wow the US being the dominant one surely will change your life👍
Because of this amazing video, I went out and bought the book "Chip Wars." It's an excellent read.
Thanks for the tip. Just got the audiobook. Have a nice day!
I'm losing the chip war too. my brother got to the Doritos before I did :(
underrated comment
@VVerVVurm that would be risky, mom would sanction me and I’ll be forced to sign a treaty or do my homework
@GRIMSOBAD or .. if it is the little brother .. find his choke point xD
Lol
Seems like the competition over chips is very much ongoing, and the US relying on Taiwan so strongly is a pretty big source of weakness in its supply chain...
Investing is a stepping stone to success ... you are absolutely right expecting the government to provide a huge waste of time.
How can I get started earning from bitcoin
choosing to invest in crypto is the best decision anyone can make with the right approach, it works
Incredible man, I have made so much money this quarter I finally quit my job and I have started trading full time
Most time having knowledge or insight about a particular activity can as well be a pleasing exercise. I can boldly say that forex and crypto trading is one of the profitable money exchange with services that elevates investors and Finicial status.
✌️ That's ✌️ her ✌️ IG ✌️ handle ✌️
За 10 минут вся история развития чипов 👍
The chip industry is literally central to every bit of invention and innovation for the western world. No one can compete with Europe South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, UK and the US on this it would literally be impossible
Diamond Semiconductors are the rarest and most expensive of the four semiconductors. They sell for 25,000 credits in stores. They are dropped by very powerful enemies, like Enhanced Brutes.
Make us whole
Even if China can gain influence over Taiwan that doesn’t mean dominance in chip manufacturing, as necessary software and machinery to produce such chips are only made in the us and Netherlands. The Chinese governments best move would be to invest significantly into paying software engineer graduates competitive rates that keeps them from wanting to move to the us or other countries
@ShadowThruNight Technological innovation has nothing to do with being able to "speak your mind". Your whole comment seems very one-dimensional and myopic.
poor job of both, they will be
*Top 10 Key Market Players in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment*
Tokyo Electron limited (Japan)
LAM Research Corporation (US)
ASML (Netherlands)
Applied Materials, Inc. ( US)
KLA Corporation (US)
SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. ( Japan)
Teradyne US)
Advantest (Japan)
Hitachi High-Tech Corporation (Japan)
Plasma-Therm (US)
can someone explain to me the strategic importance of ASML? Thank you
How to make china a great nation
1. Population
2. Skills
3. Manufacturing
4. World Reliance
5. Be Friendly on Neighborhood Country
6. Self Technology Advancement
7. Time
3.
German company Zeiss is another vital step in the chain that provides ASML with the high precision lithography lenses needed to make lithography machines
I honestly think one side holding a technology is scary, no matter if it’s us or them. Like a wise man once said, nuclear weapon keeps us safe because both side have them
crucial that we understand these intricacies in order to fully grasp the implications of this important topic.
It safe to say that regardless of which political party controls the White House and Congress, it won't affect the foreign policy strategy of "containing" China. One of the few positives of superpower competition is the advancement of scientific and technological knowledge.
We should seriously invest in diversifying supply chains around the world, not to benefit the few, but the many.
The chip war is having alot of negative consequences for the US as well. China being the largest consumer of chips being cut off means a disastrous hit to US chipmaker profits resulting in mass layoffs and less money for R&D. Combined with the impending end of Moores law due to chip features becoming literally smaller than atoms. all indications are that china will catch up.
This isn't like the race between the USSR because the USSR never had a commercial tech sector and wasn't the global exporter of electronics. The sheer demand within china for semiconductors means chinese chip companies are set to grow rapidly due to a captive market imposed by the US.
Wheras the US will have to subsidies its chip sector for the hundreds of billions in lost sales.
@zzfunny soul 哈哈哈哈
@Viva Las Vegas china already does alot of that.
As someone who works as a chemical physicist for the mine engineering industry, it's amazing how china has intrusively adapt but eventually getting smoked-out incomprehensively.
Thanks for the great video, vox!!
Great tutorial video and very helpful information... it's really very informative and useful video...thank you for sharing this video with us
The chip war is not in the narrow sense about security. It is about the United States maintaining its technological superiority over a rival which in turn affects its economic and military supremacy.
Russia lags well behind the USA in electronics but still retains the world's second most powerful military machine title, China doesn't even come close to.
Missing the forest for the tree.😂
@al bundy Poverty and war equal protest, domestic instability and anti government hate, get used to it.
military supremacy = security
@James Carter Of course, lol.
I laugh. 4 transistors. 16 transistors. Today I'm working on a chip with over 16 billion transistors. During the first Cold War, a U.S. film captured the spirit of that Cold War on both sides with the title, "What If They Gave A War and Nobody Came?" For this one, we hope and pray that it stays cold while manufacturing more ammunition.
Western countries (via SWF) should invest on TSMC ‘s stocks, this way, Taiwan will be assuring some protection on a plausible China military occupation scenario.