Young Zulu person from South Africa watching this very important history. Deepest and greatest love to Celtic peoples and also those of greater Europe. European history is very fascinating and filled with so much turmoil, conflict, but also glory and prestige. As a Nguni, I see the Celts and the way fight and the how they lived with land before conquest, and I think of how related and similar we truly are. I wish I had learned about this history in school. Thank you K&G! Always bringing good stuff 🌺
@George Ivory Not really A lot of African History is written down For example the Tarikh al-Sudan, Tarikh al-fattash, the Girgam, The History of Ashanti Kings and the Whole Country Itself and Other Writings written by King Prempeh I, etc It’s true that Africans mainly used Oral Tradition but it’s greatly exaggerated the lack of written word
@TheTen20 You are mostly right. The English are genetically more like the Dutch than anyone else. However, the English, while having the most Anglo-Saxon DNA, actually have more "Celtic" (meaning Iron Age British) DNA than the Welsh and the Scots. This is the case due to England being closer to the European continent. England is roughly 50/50 Celtic and Germanic genetically.
You should really make a similar series to this about the Thracians and Dacians. Peoples who treaded the thin line between civilised and barbarian. It'd be very awesome to learn about them in such a fun and colourful way such as this.
@Justin Namuco it's really hard to pinpoint what regard they were exactly held in by the romans and greeks as a whole. What's more certain is that they were certainly valued as traders, craftsmen and warriors, especially the latter since their mercenaries often featured in roman and greek armies for many centuries, and then thrace also became one of Rome's prime army recruitment lands. Their martial prowess was definitely noted by the romans as one of the highest since according to them they were the some of the most fierce and martial cultures they ever encountered ,up there with the gauls. Even centuries after they became a roman province they continued to produce mercenaries that still fought in their own native style.
@Keş Orangutan I've seen it but I don't think it's in-depth enough or as detailed as this. Would like a further, deeper dive into them and their culture, history and way of life.
Probably the most important aspect of the Roman Republic is how they always managed to turn former enemies into steadfast allies. Hannible’s invasion of Italy assumed that as he won a few battles in Italy Romes allies would quickly defect in pursuit of returning to their freedom. This is no small event. Italy was as mountainous and fractured as Greece yet Rome managed to assimilate the conquered as it went. I think more details of how they did this would be very valuable but it appears to be in it’s DNA. Rome was originally a “joint” venture of 5 of the tribes that occupied 5 of Rome’s famous 7 hill tops. Their control of the ford of the Tiber river meant that they could tax the commerce flowing south from Etrusca to the wealthy Greek city states of the south (who in turn were tied into the vast trading network of Greek cities all over the Mediterranean basin). In essence, if you can control the ford of the Tiber, you can control the trade of the entire peninsula. The problem was none of those tribes, being barricaded in their hilltop fortified villages could gain hegemony over the others - or so it appears. So it appears that they finally hammered out an agreement to form a joint venture - these tribes were the founding fathers of Rome - in Latin Patricians (patre meaning father in latin) - but even with the 5 tribes, they lacked the resources to control the valley in between the hilltops, which meant they couldn’t quite control the ford. So, they opened up citizenship to anyone who wanted to come to Rome to augment their numbers and settle in the valley. What they got was a variety of men vagabonds, runaway slaves, criminals banished from other towns, and other ruffians. This helped with their numbers but left them short of women folk - which lead to the famous “rape of the Sabines.” They threw a party for some religious ceremony which they shared in common with the Sabines. Then got them drunk and then stole their women. The sabines were pissed off, of course, but ultimately their women said they preferred to stay with the Romans - this is probably more legend and myth instead of fact, but the point is, Rome was in the business of assimilation from the very beginning and so the idea of it was built into their DNA. The valley between the Roman hills was marshland and prone to flooding. For Rome to thrive this had to be dealt with. The Romans managed to lift the grade and drain the marshland to form the center of their city, the Forum of Rome as well as build a bridge across the river. Construction of infrastructure was in the Roman DNA. Another aspect of their DNA is their common sense regarding business and trade. Trade involves transactions. As the Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase taught, the more transactions you have the more productivity and production you have the more wealthy you have. So a key aspect of wealth building is reducing transaction costs. The bridge over the Tiber reduced the transaction cost of commerce moving up and down the peninsula. But the Romans first of their many famous roads, linked Rome with the most prosperous Greek Cities of the far South in Italy. Yes it lowers the transaction cost of moving armies but from an everyday stand point, it lowered the cost of trade and increased the amount of trade, thus increasing the wealth of Rome. The next point one is likely to make is: well waterborne trade is cheaper than land born trade, so the roads are redundant and couldn’t be worth building for trade alone. Perhaps, but water born trade is more vulnerable to piracy. Land born trade is also vulnerable to highway robbing and caravan raiding, but by conquering the land along the route disruption to trade could be minimized. However the Samnites living in the highlands overlooking the Appian way probably created a continuing problem for the Romans, so how the Romans dwelt with the Samnites - how they managed to assimilate them into their system - and make them allies - was key to understanding how Rome systematically grew as it conquered and how that conquest made Rome even more powerful as it grew. The Samnites wars and how they were resolved then is probably key to understanding the growth of the Roman Republic until the age of Sulla & Caesar. No doubt, Hannibal assumed the Samnites, Cisalpine Gauls and Etruscans would all abandon Rome in preference for liberty but they did no such thing. Hannibal killed hundreds of thousands of Roman legionaries but Rome’s Italian allies stayed with Rome. This mean that the post Punic war Roman state was essentially a tightly nit Italy after the Punic war, and so was able to divide and conquer the Iberians, Gauls, and Greeks as they went. So more important than any history of war and conquest is the history of how Rome assimilated the conquered and managed to grow their numbers. Some of that is understandable through the Roman constitution and Roman 12 tables of law but that doesn’t provide a comprehensive explanation of how their system of conquest and assimilation worked out over time. That is what I don’t know enough of yet and would like to learn more about.
Now some might ask did Rome really win by giving in?... Well the Socii/foederati revolt (led Samnites and Marsii) had big plans and were well organized; named " Lega Italica" (Italic League), they had already established a capital in Corfiunium, had their own senate and even minted their own currency.. If Rome had not used citizenship to weaken that powerful League, Id say Rome would have lost near everything and ended up under their hegemony.
@Melodeath00 Actually, Rome had already offered citizenship to all the peninsular to assist in winning the war.. things gradually turned to Rome's favor greatly assisting them in winning the war against those decreasing opponents that stubbornly attempted to hold out... 90 BC, Rome approved "Lex Iulia de civitate" which granted Roman citizenship to Italics that had not rebelled and those who would lay down their arms...(designed to convince northern Etruscans and Umbrians to join Rome.)..then, 89 BC, Rome approved, "Lex Plautia Papiria", offering citizenship to Italics south of Po river.. by 88 BC it was largely the Samnites who still stood against Rome...so essentially it was Rome's "Divide Et Impera" (divide and conquer strategy by offering citizenship) that broke up the superior strength Socii italic forces.
@Eldian Supremacist They still would for a long time. The social war (91-87 BC) was a war between the romans and many of their italian allies, aka conquered former enemies. The italian allies went to war after the senate opposed a law that would have granted all the allies roman citizenship, and assassinated the guy who proposed it. Rome won the war, but gave the rest of Italy full rights as roman citizens anyway.
@Leonardo David 28 The most interesting thing is that I read the history of the Turks. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Soldiers surrendered, Greek Armenian, French, English and Russian began to occupy the country at the same time, but a Soldier raised the public awareness and expelled all of them from Anatolia with his Diplomatic success, and he dumped the Greek Soldiers into the Sea with his tactic.
@Trippie Dizzy Which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the 1st world war? Well, many. Belgium no doubt, however also Turkey quite surprisingly survived. Germany and France were both semi-occupied and faced some horrible possibilities, however neither ever really risked total destruction as nation-states.
One of the most amazing things about the Romans was their ability to just raise another army if the previous one was wiped out. I also want to say that this is one of my favourite channels. Your videos are so good, the animations & music create an atmosphere & your voice is soothing & full of interesting information. Cheers!
@MatVey TuomA SvibeR no, they were well paid and yes most were not Citizens but the difference of Citizen other wasn't massive, you had more legal protection (still not a lot in both cases) and had to pay less taxes
It is true they had that ability, but you don't win 95 of 100 encounters by just raising another army. They actually gave a damn about their soldiers. The Roman fighter was not a warrior, he was a soldier. Well, fed, well payed (especially after Marius reforms), well trained, always sporting the best equipment, backed by the best technology, best artillery, almost always with competent leadership, they won every battle. You don't conquer the Mediterranean basin and demolish every known superpower of ancient Europe by just sending another mass of humans
@Lycaon Pictus I think another reason is that the Roman Empire was much more centralized than medieval states which meant they could recrute many more men.
The nature of warfare in Europe had changed. During the medieval period much of it was focused on castle-building or sieging said castles. Pitched battles still occurred of course but not with the frequency of warfare in antiquity. Castles didn't require a lot of men to hold down and neither side was going to bring more men that was needed to either successfully besiege a holding or outlast a siege, as anything that strains logistics more than necessary is going to lower the chances of success. Building castles is also expensive. The heavy reliance on mercenaries also played a role. They're more expensive than native recruits or levies.
I imagine the Celts wound up in Greece and were like "finally, a group of people as hopelessly divided as we are! I'm sick of those Romans and their unified system of government. If only there were two Romes, or maybe three?"
@Michael Weston Yeah but not that particular families. The scipii (or in real latin scipiones) were a sub family of the house of cornelia and the bruti were a sub family of the junia. The bruti didn´t had anything to do with southern Italy and the region there called Bruttium. Rome 2 does a far better job with actualy having the Junia and Cornelia familys and not some sub branch of it.
@Crios Taneos no the Early roman republic was controlled by 4 influential families. The colors presented in Rome Total war might not be historically accurate but the 4 families including SPQR were the bread & butter of early Roman expansion & politics.
I find it ironic how much you’re sponsored by Magellan, yet your content is so much better than anything I’ve seen on Magellan. Seriously, I haven’t been able to find quality videos like this on the Celts anywhere else, looking forward to your next one.
The Romans planned to invade Ireland under General Agricola. But Emperor Domitian was jealous and ordered Agricola back to Rome, to prevent him becoming another Julius Caesar
@Robert Nielsen Conquered and not even a thing at that time. The welsh people come from the britons, the original inhabitants of what we call england and those britons were subjects of rome.
@Jacopo Folin If you are not one of these 7 nations, there is a lot you do not know. Turks fought not only with the Greeks, but also with the Australians, the French and the Armenians. did not fight the italians
@Tsmlaska Bro the brits didn't fight, the armenians were unarmed and were genocided, the Italians were angry of versails and soo they armed and even fought the France-greek navy. The Turks only had ti fight Greece and massacre some minoritys armenians and kurds
Please make a video about Bengal Sultanate The Bengal Sultanate was described by contemporary European and Chinese visitors as a relatively prosperous kingdom. Due to the abundance of goods in Bengal, the region was described as the "richest country to trade with". The Bengal Sultanate left a strong architectural legacy. Buildings from the period show foreign influences merged into a distinct Bengali style.
Excellent video! But it would be proper also to tell about Balkanic Celts - Scordisci, who conquered the territory from Illyria to Macedonia and were a major force on the Balkans almost 300 years, but were also defeated by Romans. And one remark. Boii and Taurisci were not fully conquered in north Italy. After defeat, most of Boii migrated northwards to modern Czechia (that is why Czechia was called officialy as Bohemia almost till 20th cenrury, from Latin "Boiohemum" - "home of Boii"). Taurisci migrated to north-east to east Carpathian mountains basin in modern Hungary, Romania and Transcarpathian Ukraine (because west Carpathians in modern Slovakia were already conquered by Celtic tribe of Cotini much more earlier). Nevertheless, all those Celtic tribes were also assimilated later during Germanic migrations and Slavic expansion.
@Michael Weston They fought Rome for 200 years and the Moors for 800 years. Then colonized the New World and fought Europeans for another 200 years. We like to fight :)
@Roberto C B I believe that after 200 years of wars people only wanted peace. Even though here in Spain we have some nice stories of fierce resistance against the foreign invasion, a video should be made about the resistance of Numancia. For instance.
The Roman conquest of Iberia (Spain, Portugal) took over 200 years. Which was a extremely long campaign even by Roman standards of protracted warfare. Reason being Iberia was jam packed with dozens of fiercely independent tribes, city states & petty kingdoms. Rome had to individually take each one by one which drew out the process. As well as Iberian were exceptionally fierce fighters who could go toe to toe with the celts so this ment bloody warfare. Even after the 200 year conquest a tribe called the Asturiis a group of fierce independent warriors survived in north western Spain high up in the mountains where it would take the Roman's yet another century to subjugate.
As badass as these tribes are, you've got to give Rome credit for continuously bouncing back and forging an empire. No matter how many losses they suffered!!🔥🔥🔥
"How Rome Conquered the Ancient Celts" Well, this is probably gonna be a better explanation than what I was told in school, which was oversimplified to "The Romans had discipline"
@hweirdo who knows if the Italic race of central Italy would even exist today if not for the Roman victory at Telemon? They might have been exterminated
Hey! Just a small video idea: maybe you could cover the conquering of Israel and Jerusalem by rome, the subsequent jewish revolutions, and the eventual sack of Jerusalem. I find it a very interesting topic due to the consequences this conflict had for the modern world. Anyway love ur channel and how much effort u put into it.
I'm honestly surprised you haven't made a video about Viriathus, the Lusitanian and Numantind Wars yet. Given the previous focus on subjects such as the Sertorian War, for example, which were a consequence of animosity and the past wars. The material is there.
I'm curious what each "world's fiercest/most powerful army" at its height would measure up against one another. Also, can you imagine how many warriors & warlords/generals would have been there to challenge the Huns if so many hadnt killed each other off?
Incredible video! I've recently been looking into Celtic mythology and actually just finished up a vid of my own on how classical mythology influenced Celtic, particularly British legends!
Hi Kings and Generals, I couldn't find a good contact so maybe you will see this. I have been obsessed with your videos' depth and completeness in explaining the context as well as the war tactics. Your playlists are great and I am most interested in learning in chronological order. Do you have a way to so watch your extremely large library as if it was a history course through the ages? There are many episodes I watch that you speak of another episode that goes further in detail of the context of the time. I get confused and sometimes spend a lot of time trying to find videos that go along with a series. If there is a community I can join such as a discord or even a website that has your videos broken up into full series that would be great. I'd love to help support the channel and am thinking of joining the youtube channel soon Thanks
Fun fact: the Boii were subject to harsh punishment from the Romans. Either submitted, relegated to swamps and marshes of the Po River, or expelled from their lands in nowadays Emilia. Those who decided to migrate went back to their original homeland of modern-day Bohemia. I visited one of their oppida, in nowadays Trebon (Czech Rep.). Archaeology showed that the Boii who went back to live in Trebon - and descendants - were the same that had fought against the Romans. They also gave Bologna its name (Bononia, originally), as the Insubres named Milan and the Cenomani Brescia (Brixia).
Most Irish people don't recognise the term 'British Isles' btw. We (in the Republic) are independent from Britian so we don't like being lumped in with them, even though it is technically the right term. Great video anyways!
22:52 "And in one foggy corner of the known world, they even retained their fierce independence" *camera pans to Bretagne* I deadass expected an announcement of future videos covering Asterix and Obelix for a second.
11:30 One of these languages (basque) still survives, making it old as the hills and one of the few non indoeuropean languages in Europe. Also, the Aquitanii lands seem a bit big, considering the basque tribes (vascones, vardulii, caristii and autrigones) were in the area south west of the pyrenees.
The greek phalanx was very different from the macedonian larissa phalanx shown in the video, however it's a small tiny point to make, the video is great as always
The Romans were never an entirely phalanx based army. The scutum/thureos/"celtic shield" originates in northern Italy, as did the pilum, and the Etruscans and Italic tribes are depicted using them centuries before Roman unification. The italic hoplites seemed to have a less rigid fighting style too, judging from the pila and battle axes.
Bruh, the celts can't catch a break. K & G already made a whole documentary on Ceaser's conquest of Gaul. And now we still ask how they conquered them. Bruh, leave them alone.
How come you obviated the siege of Numantia? It is probably the most impressive one in that age! In Spanish "A Numantine resistance" still means a fierce beyond conceivable resistance.
I would like to see your amazing work on some battles that happened in movies and series (e.g: Game of thrones) as you have done before. More excited to see “kingdom of heaven”.
"When Vercingetorix rode out of Alesia and threw his arms at the feet of [Ceasar]" With all the Asterix comments here, all I picture is that frame from the comics where Vercingetorix LITERALLY drops his weapons on Caesar's feet.
Bravo! One of the best videos Yet. So pleasing this voice of history and all the animations and dreamy soundscapes is utterly beautiful. Thank you! I save so many of these videos to watch again
“How did you manage to defeat the Celtic peoples?” Rome: to be fully honest we couldn’t have done it without them, they did quite a bit of the work for us before we even got there
What about that village in Brettony that resisted Romans with the help of some secret wepeon. There are two legendary Gauls with a dog that crossed path with Caesar on multiple ocations.
3:32 Somehow I would want to believe that really depends on what type of phalanx unit is used. If we're talking about the Classical Greek Phalanx of the southern states and the Macedonian phalanx of the Grecian North, then yeah, those wouldn't do well in a uneven terrain like hills and such. It would take a great deal of experience and training to master that warfare in such terrain using such rigid formations But if we were talking about the Macedonian Infantry Guard aka the Royal Peltasts (comprised of the Hypaspists and Asthetairoi), then that's another story. As far as I know these guys, though lightly armored but best armed can march in phalanx even in uneven terrain, without breaking cohesion. Best examples of that is during the battles of Chaeronea (where the Phalanx Guard of Philip II defeated the Athenian phalanx that had the high ground), Alexander's rapid mobile campaigns in the East, and even the the defeats of Cynoscephalae and Pydna where though the Macedonian army was defeated, the Phalanx Guard proved a worthy opponent. Why the Romans never used this formation is not known. But it's likely that they never encountered this unit until the 2nd and 3rd Macedonian Wars. Epirus is different. Though can be considered as a Hellenistic Kingdom, may have had a different version of their King's Infantry Guard. Far different than the ones used by the Macedonians. And may have used different weapons and equipment.
The Roman conquest of Iberia (Spain, Portugal) took over 200 years. Which was a extremely long campaign even by Roman standards of protracted warfare. Reason being Iberia was jam packed with dozens of fiercely independent tribes, city states & petty kingdoms. Rome had to individually take out each one by one which drew out the process. Also Iberians were exceptionally fierce fighters who could go toe to toe with the celts so this ment bloody warfare. Even after the 200 year conquest a tribe called the Asturiis a group of fierce independent warriors survived in north western Spain high up in the mountains where it would take the Roman's yet another century to subjugate.
Imagine being one of the Principes, neither as admirable for their youthful bravery as the Hastaati, or and admired for their experienced and effective as the Triarii.
I have said this before but I'll say it again, if you make videos about the Celts then you have to include William Wallace, the greatest Celt of all, in one of them!
i think that u could also speak more about the Lusitani(where Portugal is today), who were literally beating romans up, until the general was murderes by his own trusted man cuz roman paid them to, plus Bracara Augusta was capital and there is no mention on it not even on the maps u showed
Conquered is too limited a word. The continental Celtic people of course survived, but their culture and languages were basically replaced with those of Rome.
Celtic people in France were assimilated into the Frank's. The Celtic people in England had assimilated into the Anglo Saxons and became the English. The Celtic people in Iberia became the Spaniards and Portuguese.
@Sinan Engin'in gür saçlarını yıkadığı haldır şaldır yup they didn't conquer with flowers and candies.... and they didn't tell the celts that they were racist to not want to be colonized either... they just murdered and conquered and took what they wanted
@I am not Bob Dylan genocides are meant to eradicate a people. This was conquest: genocidal in scale because of the numbers of the dead, but Rome had no interest in destroying the Celts. That would have been kind of counterproductive, since you can't tax dead people.
Legions: "Form shields, spears forward, stab when they get close and throw javelins especially at shields!" Celts: "Lets strip naked and fight as individuals!" Legion Soldier: "What are they doing?!?" Centurion: "Smile and nod my boy, smile and nod."
There is an error at the end of the video. Its mentioned the Eastern European Celts got defeated by the migratory Dacians. This is incorrect, the Celts got indeed defeated by the Dacian king Burebista, but the Dacians were sedentary and had integrated the Celtic lands into their kingdom. Also the image used for the Dacians is anachronistic as its the eagle used by the later Wallachians. The Dacians used the sarmatian inspired Draco as their flag/standard.
Would you consider making a video on the daily life in Ottoman Balkans, especially for vassalized Christians? I live in the Balkans as a Turkish person and this is a very controversial topic and your videos are always as neutral as they can be, I would love to watch that.
There Is one thing i dont understand. You Said a couple of times that because they mostly fought with light or no Armour they were decimated by the romans javelins (their pilum right?). But i always thought that a javelin would easily Pierce heavy armor so what difference would it make ?
@Simon Wood "Spartacus defeating multiple Roman armies" is Hollywood nonsense and "almost defeated Rome itself" is quite frankly laughable! Reality is the Romans didn’t take him seriously in the slightest, he was irrelevant to the Romans who pulled the strings (made the decisions). However, due to his marauding through the country, they were kind of forced to deal with him. What they did was send a couple of small newly recruited armies (kids basically) lead by generals with zero experience which resulted in them having little to no success. Eventually they got tired of him and sent a proper army which was still vastly smaller than Spartacus’s and that was that, Spartacus and his army got slaughtered.
It's the one thing I find funny when I read some of the comments, you’ll hear Italians, Germans, French, Greeks, Spaniards and the list goes on, many have a view on Rome that’s often, mostly actually influenced by where they are from. But the funny thing is that if we go back far enough, a modern day German could easily have Roman/Italian origins just as a modern day Roman/Italian could have French origins and so on. Basically our origins are all over the place...
@Matthias Maier Lol someone with a german name does not even know hoe his teuton and cimbri ancestors got fully whiped out and women sold into slavery after being fooled by the romans. And ceasar didnt eradicate whole populations either right? And they didnt wage War for no reason against the punians and destroyed carthago and not enough even salted the Earth the city stood on. Or ask the Boii or the Etruscans Hahahaha Man, some people
@Abu Hajar Al Bugatti the roman empire did not exterminate whole populaces according to a lunatic doctrine. they where harsh rulers, at times, but not always, also their empire was not founded on rapine or exploitation of minorities (as far as i am aware) how else could the roman empire last over a thousand years, whereas the fourth reich did last a paltry fifteen years?
No mention to Viriatus? The Lusitan leader that inflicted countless defeats on the romans? U mentioned briefly some of its battles, but not him by name. U should do a video about him.
@Muhamet Alijaj Today, all Western Europeans come from Western Asia. For example, most Western Europeans are descendants of Phrygians, Hittites, Assyrians. But they don't know.
Working on some fun projects... :-)
What music track is at 12minutes, its an ambience track I know epidemic music but iw want the particular name
Next : MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE
Next : MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE
Next : MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE
Next : MAJAPAHIT EMPIRE
Young Zulu person from South Africa watching this very important history. Deepest and greatest love to Celtic peoples and also those of greater Europe. European history is very fascinating and filled with so much turmoil, conflict, but also glory and prestige.
As a Nguni, I see the Celts and the way fight and the how they lived with land before conquest, and I think of how related and similar we truly are. I wish I had learned about this history in school.
Thank you K&G! Always bringing good stuff 🌺
Moore's ruled Europe
As a european i have only recently Göttern around to learn the History of Afrika. Im am existed For what IT still has to offer.
@George Ivory Not really
A lot of African History is written down
For example the Tarikh al-Sudan, Tarikh al-fattash, the Girgam, The History of Ashanti Kings and the Whole Country Itself and Other Writings written by King Prempeh I, etc
It’s true that Africans mainly used Oral Tradition but it’s greatly exaggerated the lack of written word
@Sam Gyeopsal what are these written literary books? I am aware of Rigveda but anything else
I use to love studying the history of my ancestors until I got bored given that all it is is just war and conquest.
"The Gauls! They would rather lie slain in battle than lose the freedom gained by their forefathers." ~ Caesar in Gaul, Rome 2
Epic Gauls, Celtic people are just simply amazing
@Larry Mays English is synonymous with Anglo-Saxon.
@TheTen20 You are mostly right. The English are genetically more like the Dutch than anyone else. However, the English, while having the most Anglo-Saxon DNA, actually have more "Celtic" (meaning Iron Age British) DNA than the Welsh and the Scots. This is the case due to England being closer to the European continent. England is roughly 50/50 Celtic and Germanic genetically.
@TheTen20
The Picts were Celts too.
@vaiyt no China
You should really make a similar series to this about the Thracians and Dacians.
Peoples who treaded the thin line between civilised and barbarian. It'd be very awesome to learn about them in such a fun and colourful way such as this.
@Tin Can Those people gave a lot of Roman Emperors too : Aurelian and Diocletian, Galerius and Constantine the Great, Marcian and Justinian
@Justin Namuco it's really hard to pinpoint what regard they were exactly held in by the romans and greeks as a whole. What's more certain is that they were certainly valued as traders, craftsmen and warriors, especially the latter since their mercenaries often featured in roman and greek armies for many centuries, and then thrace also became one of Rome's prime army recruitment lands. Their martial prowess was definitely noted by the romans as one of the highest since according to them they were the some of the most fierce and martial cultures they ever encountered ,up there with the gauls.
Even centuries after they became a roman province they continued to produce mercenaries that still fought in their own native style.
What do you mean by "threading the thin line between civilised and barbarian".. where they held at high regard by greeks or romans?
@Tin Can Oh... True. Hopefully their ancient civilizations series will keep going and we'll see a proper video about ancient balkan people.
@Keş Orangutan I've seen it but I don't think it's in-depth enough or as detailed as this. Would like a further, deeper dive into them and their culture, history and way of life.
Probably the most important aspect of the Roman Republic is how they always managed to turn former enemies into steadfast allies. Hannible’s invasion of Italy assumed that as he won a few battles in Italy Romes allies would quickly defect in pursuit of returning to their freedom. This is no small event. Italy was as mountainous and fractured as Greece yet Rome managed to assimilate the conquered as it went. I think more details of how they did this would be very valuable but it appears to be in it’s DNA. Rome was originally a “joint” venture of 5 of the tribes that occupied 5 of Rome’s famous 7 hill tops. Their control of the ford of the Tiber river meant that they could tax the commerce flowing south from Etrusca to the wealthy Greek city states of the south (who in turn were tied into the vast trading network of Greek cities all over the Mediterranean basin). In essence, if you can control the ford of the Tiber, you can control the trade of the entire peninsula.
The problem was none of those tribes, being barricaded in their hilltop fortified villages could gain hegemony over the others - or so it appears. So it appears that they finally hammered out an agreement to form a joint venture - these tribes were the founding fathers of Rome - in Latin Patricians (patre meaning father in latin) - but even with the 5 tribes, they lacked the resources to control the valley in between the hilltops, which meant they couldn’t quite control the ford. So, they opened up citizenship to anyone who wanted to come to Rome to augment their numbers and settle in the valley. What they got was a variety of men vagabonds, runaway slaves, criminals banished from other towns, and other ruffians. This helped with their numbers but left them short of women folk - which lead to the famous “rape of the Sabines.” They threw a party for some religious ceremony which they shared in common with the Sabines. Then got them drunk and then stole their women. The sabines were pissed off, of course, but ultimately their women said they preferred to stay with the Romans - this is probably more legend and myth instead of fact, but the point is, Rome was in the business of assimilation from the very beginning and so the idea of it was built into their DNA.
The valley between the Roman hills was marshland and prone to flooding. For Rome to thrive this had to be dealt with. The Romans managed to lift the grade and drain the marshland to form the center of their city, the Forum of Rome as well as build a bridge across the river. Construction of infrastructure was in the Roman DNA.
Another aspect of their DNA is their common sense regarding business and trade. Trade involves transactions. As the Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase taught, the more transactions you have the more productivity and production you have the more wealthy you have. So a key aspect of wealth building is reducing transaction costs. The bridge over the Tiber reduced the transaction cost of commerce moving up and down the peninsula. But the Romans first of their many famous roads, linked Rome with the most prosperous Greek Cities of the far South in Italy. Yes it lowers the transaction cost of moving armies but from an everyday stand point, it lowered the cost of trade and increased the amount of trade, thus increasing the wealth of Rome.
The next point one is likely to make is: well waterborne trade is cheaper than land born trade, so the roads are redundant and couldn’t be worth building for trade alone. Perhaps, but water born trade is more vulnerable to piracy. Land born trade is also vulnerable to highway robbing and caravan raiding, but by conquering the land along the route disruption to trade could be minimized. However the Samnites living in the highlands overlooking the Appian way probably created a continuing problem for the Romans, so how the Romans dwelt with the Samnites - how they managed to assimilate them into their system - and make them allies - was key to understanding how Rome systematically grew as it conquered and how that conquest made Rome even more powerful as it grew.
The Samnites wars and how they were resolved then is probably key to understanding the growth of the Roman Republic until the age of Sulla & Caesar. No doubt, Hannibal assumed the Samnites, Cisalpine Gauls and Etruscans would all abandon Rome in preference for liberty but they did no such thing. Hannibal killed hundreds of thousands of Roman legionaries but Rome’s Italian allies stayed with Rome. This mean that the post Punic war Roman state was essentially a tightly nit Italy after the Punic war, and so was able to divide and conquer the Iberians, Gauls, and Greeks as they went.
So more important than any history of war and conquest is the history of how Rome assimilated the conquered and managed to grow their numbers. Some of that is understandable through the Roman constitution and Roman 12 tables of law but that doesn’t provide a comprehensive explanation of how their system of conquest and assimilation worked out over time. That is what I don’t know enough of yet and would like to learn more about.
Now some might ask
did Rome really win by
giving in?...
Well the Socii/foederati revolt (led Samnites and Marsii)
had big plans and were well organized; named
" Lega Italica" (Italic League), they had already
established a capital in Corfiunium, had their own
senate and even minted their own currency..
If Rome had not used citizenship to weaken
that powerful League, Id say Rome would have
lost near everything and ended up under their
hegemony.
@Melodeath00
Actually, Rome had already offered citizenship to all the peninsular
to assist in winning the war.. things gradually turned to Rome's favor
greatly assisting them in winning the war against those decreasing
opponents that stubbornly attempted to hold out...
90 BC, Rome approved "Lex Iulia de civitate" which granted Roman
citizenship to Italics that had not rebelled and those who would lay
down their arms...(designed to convince northern Etruscans and
Umbrians to join Rome.)..then,
89 BC, Rome approved, "Lex Plautia Papiria", offering citizenship
to Italics south of Po river.. by 88 BC it was largely the Samnites
who still stood against Rome...so essentially it was Rome's
"Divide Et Impera" (divide and conquer strategy by offering
citizenship) that broke up the superior strength Socii italic forces.
Fantastic analisys
Re: "Roman Republic always managed to turn former enemies into steadfast allies"..
.No, not true..🙄
@Eldian Supremacist They still would for a long time. The social war (91-87 BC) was a war between the romans and many of their italian allies, aka conquered former enemies. The italian allies went to war after the senate opposed a law that would have granted all the allies roman citizenship, and assassinated the guy who proposed it.
Rome won the war, but gave the rest of Italy full rights as roman citizens anyway.
The Celtic warrior tribes were certainly no push over, Caratacus managed to hold the Romans off for at least a decade.
Nah the Celts are so overrated. Battle of Watling street, 10,000 Romans easily defeated 230,000 Celts. The Celts were horrible soldiers lol
@Leonardo David 28 The most interesting thing is that I read the history of the Turks. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Turkish Soldiers surrendered, Greek Armenian, French, English and Russian began to occupy the country at the same time, but a Soldier raised the public awareness and expelled all of them from Anatolia with his Diplomatic success, and he dumped the Greek Soldiers into the Sea with his tactic.
@Trippie Dizzy
Which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the 1st world war?
Well, many.
Belgium no doubt, however also Turkey quite surprisingly survived.
Germany and France were both semi-occupied and faced some horrible possibilities, however neither ever really risked total destruction as nation-states.
One of the most amazing things about the Romans was their ability to just raise another army if the previous one was wiped out. I also want to say that this is one of my favourite channels. Your videos are so good, the animations & music create an atmosphere & your voice is soothing & full of interesting information. Cheers!
@MatVey TuomA SvibeR no, they were well paid and yes most were not Citizens but the difference of Citizen other wasn't massive, you had more legal protection (still not a lot in both cases) and had to pay less taxes
@unu alin They were slaves, still. Fought for 20 or 25 years only for gain citizenship?!
It is true they had that ability, but you don't win 95 of 100 encounters by just raising another army. They actually gave a damn about their soldiers. The Roman fighter was not a warrior, he was a soldier. Well, fed, well payed (especially after Marius reforms), well trained, always sporting the best equipment, backed by the best technology, best artillery, almost always with competent leadership, they won every battle. You don't conquer the Mediterranean basin and demolish every known superpower of ancient Europe by just sending another mass of humans
Similar to the Red army in WW2
always find it a bit crazy the sheer manpower available in classical battles. Then you read medieval sources and a big battle is like 10k dudes.
You probably have to take any battle numbers with a pinch of salt though, wouldn't you?
@Lycaon Pictus I think another reason is that the Roman Empire was much more centralized than medieval states which meant they could recrute many more men.
The nature of warfare in Europe had changed. During the medieval period much of it was focused on castle-building or sieging said castles. Pitched battles still occurred of course but not with the frequency of warfare in antiquity. Castles didn't require a lot of men to hold down and neither side was going to bring more men that was needed to either successfully besiege a holding or outlast a siege, as anything that strains logistics more than necessary is going to lower the chances of success. Building castles is also expensive.
The heavy reliance on mercenaries also played a role. They're more expensive than native recruits or levies.
I imagine the Celts wound up in Greece and were like "finally, a group of people as hopelessly divided as we are! I'm sick of those Romans and their unified system of government. If only there were two Romes, or maybe three?"
Rome was a single city state at the time and Italy was basically the same as Greece.
@Crios Taneos
Activision was the original publisher. Sega now owns CA and all of their Total War games.
@Michael Weston Yeah but not that particular families. The scipii (or in real latin scipiones) were a sub family of the house of cornelia and the bruti were a sub family of the junia. The bruti didn´t had anything to do with southern Italy and the region there called Bruttium. Rome 2 does a far better job with actualy having the Junia and Cornelia familys and not some sub branch of it.
@Crios Taneos no the Early roman republic was controlled by 4 influential families. The colors presented in Rome Total war might not be historically accurate but the 4 families including SPQR were the bread & butter of early Roman expansion & politics.
@Diego it was a joke about a game called Rome total war, in which Rome is divided that way
I find it ironic how much you’re sponsored by Magellan, yet your content is so much better than anything I’ve seen on Magellan. Seriously, I haven’t been able to find quality videos like this on the Celts anywhere else, looking forward to your next one.
The only Celts that escaped Roman conquest were those in Ireland.
The Romans planned to invade Ireland under General Agricola. But Emperor Domitian was jealous and ordered Agricola back to Rome, to prevent him becoming another Julius Caesar
So incorrect, its past the point of being funny. As Noah stated, Caledonia and Pictland were not conquered
@Robert Nielsen Conquered and not even a thing at that time. The welsh people come from the britons, the original inhabitants of what we call england and those britons were subjects of rome.
Plutarch once stated:
"Courage stands halfway between cowardice and rashness, one of which is a lack, the other an excess of courage"
@Jacopo Folin This war not ww1 This war different ww1 then
@Jacopo Folin If you are not one of these 7 nations, there is a lot you do not know. Turks fought not only with the Greeks, but also with the Australians, the French and the Armenians. did not fight the italians
@Jacopo Folin Where are you from
@Tsmlaska Bro the brits didn't fight, the armenians were unarmed and were genocided, the Italians were angry of versails and soo they armed and even fought the France-greek navy. The Turks only had ti fight Greece and massacre some minoritys armenians and kurds
Please make a video about Bengal Sultanate
The Bengal Sultanate was described by contemporary European and Chinese visitors as a relatively prosperous kingdom. Due to the abundance of goods in Bengal, the region was described as the "richest country to trade with". The Bengal Sultanate left a strong architectural legacy. Buildings from the period show foreign influences merged into a distinct Bengali style.
Excellent video! But it would be proper also to tell about Balkanic Celts - Scordisci, who conquered the territory from Illyria to Macedonia and were a major force on the Balkans almost 300 years, but were also defeated by Romans. And one remark. Boii and Taurisci were not fully conquered in north Italy. After defeat, most of Boii migrated northwards to modern Czechia (that is why Czechia was called officialy as Bohemia almost till 20th cenrury, from Latin "Boiohemum" - "home of Boii"). Taurisci migrated to north-east to east Carpathian mountains basin in modern Hungary, Romania and Transcarpathian Ukraine (because west Carpathians in modern Slovakia were already conquered by Celtic tribe of Cotini much more earlier). Nevertheless, all those Celtic tribes were also assimilated later during Germanic migrations and Slavic expansion.
everyone knows the reason celts lost is the lack of tier 4 and 5 settlements
**Spends years modding the game to make barbarians viable in the base game.**
@Akash Choubey rome total war reference
we need a video named "How Rome Conquered the Iberian Peninsula".
@Michael Weston They fought Rome for 200 years and the Moors for 800 years. Then colonized the New World and fought Europeans for another 200 years. We like to fight :)
@Robert Rodríguez Haro actually they are paternally but not maternal. They speak a non IndoEuropean language but are overwhelmy R1B.
@Roberto C B I believe that after 200 years of wars people only wanted peace. Even though here in Spain we have some nice stories of fierce resistance against the foreign invasion, a video should be made about the resistance of Numancia. For instance.
The Roman conquest of Iberia (Spain, Portugal) took over 200 years. Which was a extremely long campaign even by Roman standards of protracted warfare. Reason being Iberia was jam packed with dozens of fiercely independent tribes, city states & petty kingdoms. Rome had to individually take each one by one which drew out the process. As well as Iberian were exceptionally fierce fighters who could go toe to toe with the celts so this ment bloody warfare. Even after the 200 year conquest a tribe called the Asturiis a group of fierce independent warriors survived in north western Spain high up in the mountains where it would take the Roman's yet another century to subjugate.
Eλλαδαρα?
My unsophisticated, barbarian self after seeing a tribe named Boii: YEEEAAAHHH BOOOIIIII
Really? Not a single joke or even a reference after K&G also slyly managed to name drop the Titii tribe? Yet you all go nuts about the Boii...
@Super.Chuck Flava flav
Pronounced as bôæ
No match for generals like Mr Manlius...
As badass as these tribes are, you've got to give Rome credit for continuously bouncing back and forging an empire. No matter how many losses they suffered!!🔥🔥🔥
Meanwhile history channel: Two UFOs helped rome on their conquest
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
@Lycaon Pictus to be fair there aren’t many Ancient European structures other than Stonehenge, and even stronehenge has alien theories.
Their names were ramulus and remus;)
"How Rome Conquered the Ancient Celts"
Well, this is probably gonna be a better explanation than what I was told in school, which was oversimplified to "The Romans had discipline"
@CPP
Use, charging into phalanxes naked and screaming. Very discipline, much organization. Wow.
@Wi-Fi TV Are other countries diplomas worthy in America?
@Someone only because it's true. I had to educate myself to have any semblance of proper knowledge
@Wi-Fi TV knew someone was gonna make this comment
@hweirdo who knows if the Italic race of central Italy would even exist today if not for the Roman victory at Telemon? They might have been exterminated
Very cool episode. Detailed overview of how one culture replaced another systematically.
Hey! Just a small video idea: maybe you could cover the conquering of Israel and Jerusalem by rome, the subsequent jewish revolutions, and the eventual sack of Jerusalem. I find it a very interesting topic due to the consequences this conflict had for the modern world. Anyway love ur channel and how much effort u put into it.
I'm honestly surprised you haven't made a video about Viriathus, the Lusitanian and Numantind Wars yet. Given the previous focus on subjects such as the Sertorian War, for example, which were a consequence of animosity and the past wars. The material is there.
I'm curious what each "world's fiercest/most powerful army" at its height would measure up against one another. Also, can you imagine how many warriors & warlords/generals would have been there to challenge the Huns if so many hadnt killed each other off?
_"I sure hope these Latins learned their lesson, now let's go home and enjoy our loot!"_ -Brennus, unaware that he started a 500 year blood feud
As always love your work. This one is special as it goes in different regions through the time just to track the Celts.
Incredible video! I've recently been looking into Celtic mythology and actually just finished up a vid of my own on how classical mythology influenced Celtic, particularly British legends!
Great content as always, looking forward to the Gallo-Roman life episode!
Hi Kings and Generals,
I couldn't find a good contact so maybe you will see this. I have been obsessed with your videos' depth and completeness in explaining the context as well as the war tactics. Your playlists are great and I am most interested in learning in chronological order.
Do you have a way to so watch your extremely large library as if it was a history course through the ages? There are many episodes I watch that you speak of another episode that goes further in detail of the context of the time. I get confused and sometimes spend a lot of time trying to find videos that go along with a series. If there is a community I can join such as a discord or even a website that has your videos broken up into full series that would be great. I'd love to help support the channel and am thinking of joining the youtube channel soon
Thanks
Fun fact: the Boii were subject to harsh punishment from the Romans. Either submitted, relegated to swamps and marshes of the Po River, or expelled from their lands in nowadays Emilia. Those who decided to migrate went back to their original homeland of modern-day Bohemia. I visited one of their oppida, in nowadays Trebon (Czech Rep.). Archaeology showed that the Boii who went back to live in Trebon - and descendants - were the same that had fought against the Romans. They also gave Bologna its name (Bononia, originally), as the Insubres named Milan and the Cenomani Brescia (Brixia).
some of them came in modern-day France
Most Irish people don't recognise the term 'British Isles' btw.
We (in the Republic) are independent from Britian so we don't like being lumped in with them, even though it is technically the right term.
Great video anyways!
Caesar: “Double the Gauls, double the walls!”
@Trippie Dizzy Romania? After they joined the Triple Entente
Julius “fuck the Gauls, build more walls” Caesar
@Leonardo David 28 Dude, I know it's irrelevant. But which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the First World War?
Tripple* the Gauls
I like how much more confident you have become in covering larger topics and themes.
actually there were some resistance and revolt in Gaul during the time of Empire. Which is also an interesting topic to explore
22:52 "And in one foggy corner of the known world, they even retained their fierce independence"
*camera pans to Bretagne*
I deadass expected an announcement of future videos covering Asterix and Obelix for a second.
@Podemos URSS It's a turkish bot, he is spamming the same comment everywhere. Ignore him.
@Trippie Dizzy Well, many of them. Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro...
@Podemos URSS Dude, I know it's irrelevant. But which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the First World War?
They should make an April Fools' video on Asterix...
Well, they did help Britons and their chieftain Veribigbos.
I love it when you talk about Roman history keep making more videos about the Romans 😀
We history enthusiast love the work you do!
11:30 One of these languages (basque) still survives, making it old as the hills and one of the few non indoeuropean languages in Europe.
Also, the Aquitanii lands seem a bit big, considering the basque tribes (vascones, vardulii, caristii and autrigones) were in the area south west of the pyrenees.
The greek phalanx was very different from the macedonian larissa phalanx shown in the video, however it's a small tiny point to make, the video is great as always
The Romans were never an entirely phalanx based army. The scutum/thureos/"celtic shield" originates in northern Italy, as did the pilum, and the Etruscans and Italic tribes are depicted using them centuries before Roman unification. The italic hoplites seemed to have a less rigid fighting style too, judging from the pila and battle axes.
Bruh, the celts can't catch a break. K & G already made a whole documentary on Ceaser's conquest of Gaul. And now we still ask how they conquered them. Bruh, leave them alone.
I rarely find anything detailed about the celts
Need more Celtic siege since they get gud bonuses.
How come you obviated the siege of Numantia? It is probably the most impressive one in that age! In Spanish "A Numantine resistance" still means a fierce beyond conceivable resistance.
I would like to see your amazing work on some battles that happened in movies and series (e.g: Game of thrones) as you have done before. More excited to see “kingdom of heaven”.
"When Vercingetorix rode out of Alesia and threw his arms at the feet of [Ceasar]"
With all the Asterix comments here, all I picture is that frame from the comics where Vercingetorix LITERALLY drops his weapons on Caesar's feet.
Amazing video, the quality of the animation only gets better everytime! 💗🤞✨
Love these culture-specific series.
Bravo! One of the best videos Yet. So pleasing this voice of history and all the animations and dreamy soundscapes is utterly beautiful. Thank you! I save so many of these videos to watch again
“How did you manage to defeat the Celtic peoples?”
Rome: to be fully honest we couldn’t have done it without them, they did quite a bit of the work for us before we even got there
What about that village in Brettony that resisted Romans with the help of some secret wepeon. There are two legendary Gauls with a dog that crossed path with Caesar on multiple ocations.
@Trippie Dizzy what did you mean by that?
@Trippie Dizzy depends on what you mean by "survived"
@Baal sagol Dude, I know it's irrelevant. But which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the First World War?
@monkerulzohhhhhh, yea iv'e seen it before
Thanks i completly forgot that was a thing
@Baal sagol he's taking about Asterix and obelix. A very fun series of comics of you haven't read it before
3:32 Somehow I would want to believe that really depends on what type of phalanx unit is used. If we're talking about the Classical Greek Phalanx of the southern states and the Macedonian phalanx of the Grecian North, then yeah, those wouldn't do well in a uneven terrain like hills and such. It would take a great deal of experience and training to master that warfare in such terrain using such rigid formations
But if we were talking about the Macedonian Infantry Guard aka the Royal Peltasts (comprised of the Hypaspists and Asthetairoi), then that's another story. As far as I know these guys, though lightly armored but best armed can march in phalanx even in uneven terrain, without breaking cohesion. Best examples of that is during the battles of Chaeronea (where the Phalanx Guard of Philip II defeated the Athenian phalanx that had the high ground), Alexander's rapid mobile campaigns in the East, and even the the defeats of Cynoscephalae and Pydna where though the Macedonian army was defeated, the Phalanx Guard proved a worthy opponent.
Why the Romans never used this formation is not known. But it's likely that they never encountered this unit until the 2nd and 3rd Macedonian Wars.
Epirus is different. Though can be considered as a Hellenistic Kingdom, may have had a different version of their King's Infantry Guard. Far different than the ones used by the Macedonians. And may have used different weapons and equipment.
The Roman conquest of Iberia (Spain, Portugal) took over 200 years. Which was a extremely long campaign even by Roman standards of protracted warfare. Reason being Iberia was jam packed with dozens of fiercely independent tribes, city states & petty kingdoms. Rome had to individually take out each one by one which drew out the process. Also Iberians were exceptionally fierce fighters who could go toe to toe with the celts so this ment bloody warfare. Even after the 200 year conquest a tribe called the Asturiis a group of fierce independent warriors survived in north western Spain high up in the mountains where it would take the Roman's yet another century to subjugate.
@TG tell that to the thousands of Roman soldiers who died for a 1000 year old empire lol
I can't imagine fighting for a change I'd never live to see. Not through death in warfare necessarily but through simple aging.
Imagine being one of the Principes, neither as admirable for their youthful bravery as the Hastaati, or and admired for their experienced and effective as the Triarii.
I loved the editing on this video. Looks like you're experimenting with some new stuff. I like it!
The conquest of my ancestors, good stuff kings 👍
33% Obélix and Astérix
33% Funny tribe names, and funny town names
33% RIP Celts ruled Europe :(
@Trippie Dizzy If we didn't win, we'd be like today's mongols
@Karl Hans Dude, I know it's irrelevant. But which nation was occupied and miraculously survived the First World War?
what about 1%?
I'd like to see a video on Viriathus. He doesn't get talked about alot.
Excellent presentation! Everything you need to know about Celts.
Really Good stuff. I am glad you are exploring less famous parts of history.
You guys excelled yourselves here! Well impressed!
I wasn't aware of this channel. These videos are very well done
Exactly what i needed, always good to start the day with Kings and Generals
You forgot about the one indomitable Gallic village that held out against Caesar with their magic potion.
I have said this before but I'll say it again, if you make videos about the Celts then you have to include William Wallace, the greatest Celt of all, in one of them!
Great video,
Please make the Proto-Greek civilization of the Minyans.
Thank you,
i think that u could also speak more about the Lusitani(where Portugal is today), who were literally beating romans up, until the general was murderes by his own trusted man cuz roman paid them to, plus Bracara Augusta was capital and there is no mention on it not even on the maps u showed
Can you please put your sources in the Description? I would be interested in checking them out!
Do one on Celtiberians or Iberians.
About iberian resistance
This channel is awesome! Keep it up 👍
Proud to be Roman glory to the empire of rome
Brilliantly informed, lived it.
Great content, as usual!!
Conquered is too limited a word. The continental Celtic people of course survived, but their culture and languages were basically replaced with those of Rome.
Celtic people in France were assimilated into the Frank's. The Celtic people in England had assimilated into the Anglo Saxons and became the English. The Celtic people in Iberia became the Spaniards and Portuguese.
@Sinan Engin'in gür saçlarını yıkadığı haldır şaldır yup they didn't conquer with flowers and candies.... and they didn't tell the celts that they were racist to not want to be colonized either... they just murdered and conquered and took what they wanted
Marcelo Henrique Soares da Silva um no romans got booted out of the uk... go read history again i think
@Jesse Jojo Johnson what do you mean? Roman's killed 3 million peoples in Gaul.
@I am not Bob Dylan genocides are meant to eradicate a people. This was conquest: genocidal in scale because of the numbers of the dead, but Rome had no interest in destroying the Celts. That would have been kind of counterproductive, since you can't tax dead people.
Great series, thanks.
Legions: "Form shields, spears forward, stab when they get close and throw javelins especially at shields!"
Celts: "Lets strip naked and fight as individuals!"
Legion Soldier: "What are they doing?!?"
Centurion: "Smile and nod my boy, smile and nod."
There is an error at the end of the video. Its mentioned the Eastern European Celts got defeated by the migratory Dacians. This is incorrect, the Celts got indeed defeated by the Dacian king Burebista, but the Dacians were sedentary and had integrated the Celtic lands into their kingdom. Also the image used for the Dacians is anachronistic as its the eagle used by the later Wallachians. The Dacians used the sarmatian inspired Draco as their flag/standard.
Would you consider making a video on the daily life in Ottoman Balkans, especially for vassalized Christians? I live in the Balkans as a Turkish person and this is a very controversial topic and your videos are always as neutral as they can be, I would love to watch that.
REALLY I ALSO NEED THAT TOPIC
There Is one thing i dont understand. You Said a couple of times that because they mostly fought with light or no Armour they were decimated by the romans javelins (their pilum right?). But i always thought that a javelin would easily Pierce heavy armor so what difference would it make ?
Rome lost at least 50.000 men in the Battle of Cannae, not 30.000 as you mentioned.
I'm conflicted because I love Rome and it's history but found out a few years ago that my ancestors are Celts. haha
@Simon Wood "Spartacus defeating multiple Roman armies" is Hollywood nonsense and "almost defeated Rome itself" is quite frankly laughable!
Reality is the Romans didn’t take him seriously in the slightest, he was irrelevant to the Romans who pulled the strings (made the decisions). However, due to his marauding through the country, they were kind of forced to deal with him. What they did was send a couple of small newly recruited armies (kids basically) lead by generals with zero experience which resulted in them having little to no success.
Eventually they got tired of him and sent a proper army which was still vastly smaller than Spartacus’s and that was that, Spartacus and his army got slaughtered.
It's the one thing I find funny when I read some of the comments, you’ll hear Italians, Germans, French, Greeks, Spaniards and the list goes on, many have a view on Rome that’s often, mostly actually influenced by where they are from.
But the funny thing is that if we go back far enough, a modern day German could easily have Roman/Italian origins just as a modern day Roman/Italian could have French origins and so on.
Basically our origins are all over the place...
@Matthias Maier Lol someone with a german name does not even know hoe his teuton and cimbri ancestors got fully whiped out and women sold into slavery after being fooled by the romans. And ceasar didnt eradicate whole populations either right? And they didnt wage War for no reason against the punians and destroyed carthago and not enough even salted the Earth the city stood on. Or ask the Boii or the Etruscans Hahahaha Man, some people
@Abu Hajar Al Bugatti the roman empire did not exterminate whole populaces according to a lunatic doctrine. they where harsh rulers, at times, but not always, also their empire was not founded on rapine or exploitation of minorities (as far as i am aware) how else could the roman empire last over a thousand years, whereas the fourth reich did last a paltry fifteen years?
@Abu Hajar Al Bugatti The romans did cultural genocide, while the nazis did ethnic genocide
I had heard that the maniple system was taken from the samnites after the first samnite war, genuinely curious if that isn’t the case.
This is the content that should be on history channel
Please do a video about the German, England and French history like Celtic history
No mention to Viriatus? The Lusitan leader that inflicted countless defeats on the romans? U mentioned briefly some of its battles, but not him by name. U should do a video about him.
I’m currently reading commentarii de bello gallico, you couldn’t have timed this better! :)
C O R N
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When you need to defeat an army of Gauls, *of course* you send a guy called Manlius after them.
Great stuff as usual. Keep it coming plz
In this period, the eagle wasn't yet the symbol of Rome.
It was Gaius Marius who popularized that.
You should talk about the legendary Lusitani Warrior Viriato
Loved the video, i was the whole day thinking about it while at work. The minute i was in my house ive rushed to watch it. thank you.
'Honey! There's a new kings and generals!'
Thanks a bunch guys
Can you make something about the kingdom of Georgia 🇬🇪?
@Video cvdv How in the world is this relevant to the Kingdom of Georgia?
@Muhamet Alijaj Today, all Western Europeans come from Western Asia. For example, most Western Europeans are descendants of Phrygians, Hittites, Assyrians. But they don't know.
@Tsar Chi Napoleon Abudabi Türkmenistan Not Eurasian
@Video cvdv Eurasian steppes*
This was very enjoyable. Thank you again friends.
The story of the Celts being caught on the way out may be face saving and apocryphal.
Hadrian's Wall. How the good Celts remained Celts. A separation that suited all.
Wonderful stuff. Thanks.
Can you do a video on how the goths and thr franks became Roman?
This was a well timed release as the last refuge of the Celts is modern day Wales who Ironically are about to play Italy in the Euro's.
😂😂😂
Battle of Magnesia was in December 190 BC ( Some say January 189 BC ), not 191 BC.
Brilliant clip.. I'm always waiting for new stuff, like the illyrian tribes of today Albania
OMG OMG, another ancient Rome video! Hold my beer... For 23 minutes.