Show notes : 0. Sorry for the late release - rendering 8k videos is painful. 1. Audibooks are really good - I have recently been listening to the Wheel of Time audibooks, narrated by Kate Reading and Michael Kramer - a completely new experience, must try. Audible has all kinds of historical stuff, too, so try it out, that will help our channel immensely: www.audible.com/kingsandgenerals 2. Ottoman series is a mess and we have completely resigned to this fact. It is impossible to form a straightforward narrative, so you will see some jumping back and forth. For instance, a very interesting siege of Klis happened around the same time and we will probably cover it separately. Simultaneously, the Ottomans were fighting the Portuguese everywhere from West Africa to India, but it is hard to present those battles within the main timeline, so expect a standalone episode on that down the line. Still, this series is a perfect vehicle to cover a long period and many regions, so we will run it all the way to 1923. 3. Unfortunately, not all sources are accessible for us. Apparently there is a Croatian retelling of Gorjani, but since we don't know the language and no translation is available. We will try to rectify it down the line.
Thank you for your effort. It has a great merit. But I wonder if you've considered the Ottoman sources, since all the Christian losts have been presented in the same way: the Ottomans outnumbered the Christians. The Chirstians fought braverly and were heroic. But at the end, the Christians lost, just because they were outnumbered. It seems to repeat the same excuses presented by the Christians since the Crusades. It seems to be always a one-sided view of the facts. There is no evauation of the sources, nor a critical analysis of them.
@UC5OFgN-wZL1_1Py26t2Elfg if you think it is fake, why did you waste 20 minutes of your life watching an ridiculous outstanding documentary that is factual and true. Have a great day or night whenever you’re reading this 😂🤣
@jesus anton Exactamente, ¿que han borrado? No recuerdo que hayan borrado nada, explica de que hablas. Por otra parte, la historia no se puede denigrar. La historia es falsa o verdadera. Y no existe tal cosa como la "historia hispana", sino la historia de América, bajo el dominio opresivo del imperio español.
@Herrero Lo ha borrado. Su cuenta se lo han borrado o él mismo la ha borrado, una buena desición ya que denigraba a la historia española e hispana en general.
Quick note about Tercios' surprise night attacks: they were made in small units wearing white shirts over their breastplates to make soldiers easily recognize each other. These attacks were named "encamisada" (camisa=shirt) and were deployed by Tercios against all their enemies with great success many times during the 16th and 17th centuries.
William Ewart Gladstone Los ataques nocturnos son peligrosos, en la noche es fácil confundir a los amigos con enemigos, es más fácil perderse, alejarse de tus compañeros, etc... requieren de una disciplina férrea, un gran control de tus tropas, y pocos ejércitos entrenaban para llevarlos a cabo, y muchos ataques nocturnos han acabado en desastre por esto, y por eso pocos generales se atrevían a llevarlos a cabo. Los atenienses por ejemplo cuando atacaron Siracusa se dedicaron a matarse entre sí al no ser capaces de reconocerse por la noche. Para eso sirven las camisas blancas, la diferencia es que los tercios se entrenaban habitualmente en ésta táctica para utilizarla sin los riesgos de otros ejércitos. Por eso eran tan efectivas.
Yeah, they will cover most of the major battles. It will be great to see the slow and methodical demise of the Ottomans and their gradual removal from Europe following the siege of Vienna.
@Reshpeck They may have inherently hated the Ottomons, but they maintained stability in the region. Human beings naturally just want to work, feed themselves, and live relaxing lives. The Ottomons allowed them to do this. Fighting for the empire became fighting for their way of life. The rest of Europe suffered much more turbulence. Think about how much of a mess the balkans became after the collapse of the empire.
Finally, I would like to explain that the Spanish tercio name was the name of their "general" Sarmiento. This Tercio retreated in a previous battle during the Italians war. According to the ordinances, if a Tercio unit retreat from battle field they would be disolved and they would be mark as cowards. Luckily for them, a new Ottoman war started and they were giving a second chance to recover their prestige. As they retreated before they have to reject the generous offer from Barbarossa. Death before dishonor.
Where exactly is stated that if a Tercio unit retreated from the battlefield they would be disolved and they would be mark as cowards? Where can I see those ordinances? It seems many myths have been created around the tercios by the Spaniards. The tercios Villalba y Garcíez retired from the Rocroi battlefield, since they surrender.ed The only ordinance for the Spanish tercios existing in this year of 1537, was the Ordenanza de Génova, and it didn't mention ANYTHING about this subject.
Because empire reached its logistical limit. If army started marching from Istanbul, it would find only few weeks to campaign at border before the end of campaigning season i.e. arrival of rain.
@Corinthian The Turks defeated Iran/Persia 4 times, Google is free, and took Tebriz, Basra, Mossul, Bagdad...from the persians. The reason why the Turks dont took hole persia was because they conquered Europe, they wanted Vienna and oder western territorys.
That was not the end of the glorious Tercio though. Time later a handfull of prisoners in Constantinople would manage to break free, steal a friggin boat and arrive to Cartagena (Spain) months later. And the first bloody thing they'd do would be to report to their King as the last survivors of Castelnuovo.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE No tanto, la gran mayoría de los esclavos no escapaban, lo que hicieron los Tercios supervivientes de Castelnuovo fue increíble.
Reminds me of the Soviet POWs who stole a German bomber from a military base where they were working as forced labour building rocket station for the Nazis. They reported to Soviet forces and told them about the wunderwaffen Germans were developing. They were arrested as traitors becaause they had surrendered to Germans in the first place. One of them later received honours because some scientists and military officers realized the info they gave was important. Seven were sent to rifle units and 5 of them died in action. Three escapes POW officers were kept under investigation. The main character of that story is Mikhail Devyataev. Check it out.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE por aquí otra vez y mintiendo, lo que te Jode es que fuéramos la mejor infantería de todos los tiempos, te metes en páginas bélicas españolas porque envidias a España, te recuerdo que trafalgar los británicos perdieron 23 buques y 10446 hombres, chihuahua inglés,
Sarmiento stayed to defend Castelnuovo without any possibility before an overwhelming ottoman force. Having received an offer of surrender that would save their lives, they had to choose between life and honor and, of course, it was a spanish Tercio... the unit that dominated battlefields for almost 150 years. If the defenders had been anglo-saxons, Hollywood would have already made two movies... BTW, for us the spaniards is Charles (Carlos) I of Spain and V of Germany, the very first of our Habsburgs.
@Victory In fact, that stroryline is the same in many stories around the world. But at least the Spartans were fighting for thieir country, manwhile the Spaniards were only cannon fodder for the ambitions of the Habsburgs in Europe.
Usually the defenders of fortified places fought superior enemies, since the fortifications gave them a great adavantage. It is a pity that Spaniards don't have a respectable movie industry, and that their movies are not even accepted among the spanish-speaking peoples in America. But they retaliate begging space on the ANGLO-SAXON social networks to self-glorify their lost empire in every corner. And remember, the spanish tercios only dominated battlefields in Western Europe, not in the whole world. Wit the aid of mercenaries.
Well, what about spanish film-studios? Did they make a movie about this honorable last stand of non-anglo-saxons? I get what you mean, for my country it is the same, but we cannot expect others to do the work while our countries are not proud/willing enough to give credit to our ancestors where credit is due.
@Ahmed turgut oh you might be forgetting my man Alexander, and yes the greek macedonian falanges were as fierce as the spanish tercios, both of our nations can be known for changing the militar world for ever
@Rellos Apostolos Greetings from Spain, brother. The Greeks have always been fierce warriors and, above all, the fathers of Western civilization with Rome. In Spain there is a lot of respect for Greece and the Greeks, as many served and gave their lives for Spain. An example is Pedro de Candia, a Greek Conquistador who participated in the conquest of the Inca Empire. He was one of the thirteen of fame and one of the most important Conquistadors in American history. He was named Grande de España (Great of Spain), the highest dignity that a man outside the royalty can receive in Spain. Ignore the Turkish haters.
@Ahmed turgut are kidding me Greeks were in constant wars for 2k years before the turks even learn to write learn some history and stop spitting out shit and don't forget that Europe destroyed the byzantine empire
@Rellos Apostolos you said Greeks are fierce fighter no they weren't.also no they weren't fighting other countries, their main enemy was the ottoman empire,likewise European countries actually helped Greece out so I don't know what your speaking about
The Emperor Charles V did NOT have a son called Ferdinand 3:51. His son was Philip (who would become king of Spain, as Philip II). Ferdinand was Charles' younger brother. He would succeed to the Imperial throne as Ferdinand I once Charles abdicated in 1556.
themailman43 (Charles V/Carlos I) i knew that he is descendant of King Fernando and Queen Isabella from maternal line. But also descendant of Emperor Maxilimian from paternal line.
Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi)'s biggest perk is its topography. It's a very steep town, a nightmare assault, and there are 4 fortresses in the town (the whole town was surrounded by walls and every level was difficult to take. Those steps are killing tourists of the town, cant imagine how exhausting would be to assault those walls from below, for an armed soldier.
We Japanese love Turkey.I am Japanese.Japan has saved many Muslims.On September 16, 1890,An Ottoman ship Ertuğrul Fırkateyni was wrecked in the sea near Japan. Most of the people on the boat were many thrown into the sea because of the storm. Japan rescued the Turks thrown into the sea. Japan treated the injured many Turks who were saved. 69 Turks have been rescued.The Japanese gave the Turkish a warm meal every day. Many Japanese donated money to save the Turks.The Japanese loved and cared for the 69 Turkish people.The Turkish injury has healed.And Japan sent the survivors of the Turks safely to the Ottoman Empire.The 69 Turks were able to reunite with their beloved family and friends. The Japanese love Turkish , memorial ceremonies are still held for Turkish people who have died.
Some others were suggesting this in the comments, but I think if you guys did an Ottoman extension of your armies and tactics series that would be really cool. It would be interesting to see how the military transformed and adapted to the rapidly changing nature of warfare throughout the pre modern era.
Also according to the Truce Of Constantinople :Ferdinand was to be considered as the King of Germany, and Charles V as the King of Spain, and they were equal to the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire. Moreover, they were banned to count anyone as 'Emperor' except the Ottoman Emperor.
@Άρωμα Μπλε That's why the shores of Italy were raided the next year. :D You seem in need of glasses. I said that it was one battle in a war which the Ottomans won. Cyprus was taken from the Venetians. The Holy League, which consisted of half a dozen nations were forced to watch Cyprus being taken. Shaving a beard and cutting an arm are two different things.
@Sahipkıran the big blow for Turks in Lepanto was that many experienced sailors, corsairs and commanders died. The fleet was rebuilt but the quality of the crews wasn’t the same
@Martín Gonzalez Lepanto is a fucking sea battle. It didn't change nothing. In the same year, Cyprus was taken from Venice. 1 year later, under the guidance of Uluç Ali Pasha, the Ottomans build an even bigger fleet and raided the coastlines of Europe
@hamza9234 It was not an option. The honour code of that time in Spain was very strong, If he could had taken the gold and leave we would have been a traitor and a unrespectfull comander, his family, the nobles and the society would had rejected him. So it was worse than be alive and rich for him, and if you add that the vision of christians in that era about muslims was that they were literally the followers of the antichrist, he could have becomen a traitor to the king and to the pope.
Yep it seemed like the populous of Castelnuovo didn't want to be part of the ottoman empire. Then again, the Spanish commander should of took the gold and left to avoid the shed of blood of their own troops and the civilians. This is under the assumption that the commander didn't expect to get any aid.
@archduke I don't think the civilians wanted to be Turkish subjects, so they wanted the defenders to win. Otherwise the siege would not have lasted so long.
@archduke dude, the civilians we're even trying to save the Spanish commander, and he was like, "fuck off, if I'm gonna die, I'll die with honor" and die protecting them.
As I understand the "fall" of Bagdad to the Turks, the city was voluntarily and willingly turned over since the Sunni inhabitants preferred Turkish Sufi rule or hegemony to being occupied by the Persian She'ites
Sarmiento refused to surrender saing: "Come when you want" ("Que vengan cuando quieran"). And when the commander of the last 200 spaniards, Machín de Munguía, was captured, Barbarroja offered him to comand an Ottoman fleet, the response of Machín was spitting on the feet of Barbarroja and saing: "before death that dishonors" ( "Antes la muerte que la deshonra "). And after that he was executed. Sorry for my english. Honor for those brave Spanish soldiers🇪🇸
Most likely, these are popular sayings that do not have any reliable source in the manner of spitting and addressing. After the killing of Murad I by a Serbian soldier, the Ottoman leaders did not have any direct contact on the battlefield, and there are sources that say that they escaped from prison in Turkey to Spain, and they did not guarantee that they exaggerated a lot of They act to please themselves and their community
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE dale gracias a la tecnología, que gracias a ella tu cobardía tiene respaldo, de otra manera jamás hubieras aprendido a gabaratear tus rebuznidos....
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE los comparas tu, no yo, en bicoca 3000 piqueros muertos, ni un soldado de los tercios 0. Primera vez que se enfrentaron a pelo y les hicieron desaparecer del mapa.
Not one to complain about anything on expertly made videos, but Ferdinand was Charles V brother and not his son. Ferdinand ruled the holy roman empire in the name of his brother until he himself became Emperor after his brother's death. Charles V's son and heir Philpp inherited Spain, Flanders and the american territories of the spanish empire while the empire went to his uncle Ferdinand since ruling all those territories was incredibly difficult at a time with no modern day transportation or communications.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE los germanos fueron gobernados por carlos I ,lo que pasa es que te jode porque tienes envidia,hablas español porque envidias a España, te jode la hazaña española en castelnuovo como otras tantas, y como te dijeron en hechos de España hasta trafalgar es una mentira bélica inglesa como tantas,chihuahua inglés, o como en Filipinas en 1763 que ya estabais derrotados por anda y salazar,hablas español porque sientes envidia y rabia a españa porque os hemos apalizado siempre,
Barbarossa was actually very impressed at the bravery of the garrison and offered the garrison commander a place in his army, but the latter refused and was subsequently beheaded
It wasnt the garrison commander (named Francisco Sarmiento) but one surviving captain named Machin de Munguia, the man was already nicknamed as "the hero of Preveza" by his men due to his actions defending a venetian galley during that battle.
No valían ni una bolsa de patatas fritas 😆 un cacho de pan tenía más valor que las mujeres inglesas, no ya de la época, sino de todas la épocas de la historia de ese país. Incluso hay casos en los que fiaban 😂😂😂 "págame cuando puedas" Decían. En más de 500 años no sé si se llegaba a los 1000 euros de recaudación XDD!
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE 😂😂😂 esa es tu respuesta!? Buahhaahaha te ha dolido eh? Patético a más no poder 🤣 Esto lo mencione en un documental Anglo y ellos mismos se sorprendían y avergonzaban. Claro, como les van a enseñar esto. Sabes la cantidad de British que descienden de mujeres que fueron compradas o vendidas en esquinas meadas?? No interesaba airearlo. 🤦♂️😆😆😆😆
Can we/i have a documentary about the portuguese-ottoman war. Ive read something interesting on this subject but there is little information about this war. Keep the good work!
Jedi Temple Guard Ottoman government tried to revive the space trade by building suez canal and caspian-black sea canal but they failed due to lack of technology. They couldn't win on sea since portugal had hundred years of naval tradition where as ottoman only had 50-100 years at that time. Oh and 0 knowledge about oceans :D
@Mbappe Afterburner explain to me what country is Iberia, please, for I don't recall it ever existed as such, (and I should know something being myself from Iberian Peninsula) those wars with Portugal were another scenario, even further of the Berber Regencies, as Morocco as far as I know didnt have Ottoman dependency.
Jedi Temple Guard Are you historian or something? I dont know why , but i feel so thankfull right now. In high school we were less informed in many way. Thank you so much from İzmir (not smyrna)
@Juan Carlos Garcia en realidad fueron 24. 000 turcos por la totalidad (a excepción de 25 españoles que consiguieron escapar de Constantinopla) del tercio defensor, pero hay que tener en cuenta que sólo hubo 4000 españoles mientras que prácticamente los turcos eran 200.000 según historiadores (12 a 1) una gesta heroica por parte de nuestros antepasados españoles.
One of my ancestors, Machín de Mungia fought in that siege. He was feared among the ottoman navy and seeing Barbarossa what affect would be, asked him twice to abjure christianity or be beheaded. The answer was "come the death because I won't" and the ottoman obliged. It was a time of bigger men, in both sides.
@Stefan Peychev Well, I wasn't there, but the captive survivors that escaped from Constantinople back to Spain told what happend during the siege and in the aftermath. That's why this video exists, the ottomans wouldn't have told the story in the same way.
That last attack outside the walls was amazing I think they had the chance to destroy all the cannons and if they did they could have possibly won that battle.
One of those executed after the battle was Captain Machín de Munguía, who had distinguished himself with his company of Biscaymen in the Battle of Preveza, defending tooth and nail, with success, a damaged Venetian galley and harassed by several Turkish ships. Barbarossa offered him to work for him or death, he preferred death and was beheaded on the spot.
@Gelir Gecer Dude! You basically just tried to say exactly what I told you. Look man. Even if you disagree, can you not at least appreciate how much time I put into writing all that? Does it not mean anything to you that a complete stranger who, though foreign, happens to be an academic expert in your actual civic history, and is trying to engage with you on a rather deep level over that history? I'm not just words on a screen, you know. I'm an actual person who probably deserves at least some level of the respect I've shown you. I'm not just trying to be right and prove you wrong, you know. I'm actually attempting a dialogue here. Wasting my time? Certainly so, if you simply refuse to acknowledge that anyone who disagrees with you might not be wrong by default, and may in fact know a lot about what he's talking about.
@Gelir Gecer Ah, I see what is going on. You are speaking ideologically, wanting your own history to be represented in a way that favors your civic pride. As an American, I completely understand. However, you would not expect me to pretend that my country is not actually responsible for the atrocities committed in her name, would you? Turkey has a history that extends far further back than the United States. Before the Ottomans was the Byzantines, and the Romans, and the Persians. The truth of your country's history is not something that can be subjected to the preferences of its modern citizens. Only a detached and objective appreciation of the historical record can reveal that truth. As a Turk, I should expect you would want to love your country as she truly is, with the full, unwashed completeness of her history, rather than love a fiction. Our debate is only a minor matter. The military prowess of the Janissaries is unique to history-no other nation may claim anything like it. It does not do to minimize their massive impact on not only the development of the former Turkish empire, greatest of its time for centuries, but the course of history over the entire globe. Neither should one gloss over their corruption and bloat, largely contributing to the eventual imperial disintegration, only to be rescued from the fate to which the Levant, Arabia, Northern Africa-indeed the very remnants of the empire-were subjected, but for the surviving legacy of the Ottoman martial tradition and spirit, effectively harnessed for the survival of Turkish independence by the brilliant Ataturk. This is a credit to the Janissaries as much as to Tanzimat, a century removed regardless. All other aspects of the Ottoman Empire's history are no less unique, glorious, revolutionary, progressive, tyrannical, inspiring, despairing, incredible. It seems to me that this need you have displayed, to diminish one of the greatest aspects of your own civic history, is indicative of an insecurity you have: a lack of confidence in the rest of your history-particularly that with which you more closely identify-to stand on its own merits. It is as though I wished to downplay my country's history of enslavement, genocide of the natives, continuous manipulation of sovereign states for our own gain, or any other atrocious part of US history, because I did not believe that our conduct in the face of fascism, communism, and totalitarianism; our promotion of free trade, capitalist ideology, and concomitant global spread of individual liberties and prosperity; our unprecedented level of charity, and support for the weaker peoples of the world against the strong who would otherwise dominate them; they are not sufficient unless one forgets all the other aspects of American history. This is in fact occurring right now everywhere here, with critical race theory, the 1614 project, Black Lives Matter, and what have you. It only results in the destruction of all that was once good about a nation. Don't do it to your own, as we are doing here.
@Socrates II we all saw the bravery of Barbarossa when Spanish tercios came dangerously close to him instead of counter attacking with his large force, he fled to his ship like a sissy 😅 what a sign of bravery it was 🤣🤣🤣
@Gala and all of the aid will be destroyed, but they are too scared to come, and they called themselves brave hahaha what a joke about this holy league
@Gala Things did not work like today. Deploying thousands of men over great distances required preparation for months. Forget your vision of things with today's clock and calendar. By the time news arrived in Madrid, the siege was almost over. You were alone, there was nowhere to retire and you knew it, that's why you fought hard.
I m really happy you are making a video about the cost where I live in if you need I can send you pictures of the old depictions of the battle on facebook. The Spanish fort is still standing in the city. This conquest of barbarosa had however big implications for the bay. Since the city of castel nuovo (hercegnovi ) is at the entrance of the bay it hindered the trade in kotor we had many sailing ships and the people were merchants. The problem was later solved when the venitions took over the city togheer with local captains one who distinguished himself was Vicko Bujovic. Anyways thanks a lot for covering this battle and this tiny part of our earth :)
I think Suleiman is one of the least capable of the Ottoman rulers. He has a complete super power at his disposal, yet he withdrew from way too many battles compared to other Ottoman rulers who came up on top even against greater odds. He is forming unnecessarily huge armies against smaller foes, wasting the royal treasury. He also killed many important statesmen, along with the most prominent heir to the throne. He left a bankrupt empire to the people who don't know how to rule.
I am Turkish and let me say this. Watching this series let me realize how terrible a leader Süleyman was. He just spent the power gained by Selim and Mehmet. Selim and Mehmet gained so much power for Ottomans, Süleyman was invincible in his life time. Regardless he lost the maximum number of men possible. The wars he won were at great cost.
Good video, though 1532 campaign, covered briefly at the beginning went slightly differently. First, most of the pillaging (most notably Graz), happened after the siege of Kiseg (in Croatian), as Turks were going back. The reason why Ibrahim thought Jurišić had more man was because he was one of the envoys in 1530. Now, that talks were strange. Envoys only knew Latin and German, while Turks knew Turkish and Greek (Ibrahim was actually Greek). As a consequence, the actual negotiations were mostly between Jurišić and Suleiman himself. Suleiman was fluent in Serbian, and Croatian is almost the same. Ibrahim did not like this, so he had kind of grudge against Jurišić- Jurišić was not sent to defend Kiseg, it was actually his choice to defend his own castle. He only had 38 professional soldiers (personal guard) and managed to buy some 650 muskets and then trained 650 peasants, refugees after the Mohač battle, for about two weeks before the Turks arrived. He did not intend to stop the Turks, only to hold the castle. Basically, the siege itself is described in the same way in the Austrian and Turkish sources until the last day. (There is a letter sent on the night before the last assault to Vienna, in which Jurišić states they are out of gunpowder.) The last day versions differ, but what is sure is that Suleiman granted Kiseg to Jurišić for his bravery, as this is also noted in both Austrian and Turkish sources. Most likely, there was a nominal surrender, which saved the Croats from execution and saved face to Suleiman (well, not really...).
Damn it all. I was watching you all day long... Just to see that you actually made a video about Castelnuovo (modern Herceg Novi). A small town i din't even know that such a powerful battle and bravery too place in the same place i live... Great video as always, and greetings from Castelnuovo
This was good-never heard of either battle. Wow the Spaniards were tough bastards weren't they?? Like to see you guys tackle the 30s Years War sometime-you know, White Mtn, all things Gustavos, Nordlingen, Wittstock, the Cardinal Infante invasion of NE France, Rocroi, etc. There is a lot there to work with.
An encounter like that would certainly make me hesitate getting in to more sieges against any place that has more such troops. One can only handle so many Pyrrhic like victories.
The story of Kisseg and Nikola Jurisic says that end deal was after stuborn resistance: "You let us int and we will retreat in the end." So it was and Nikola and his crew were free. Later he got nobility for disrupting whole invasion at this small fort.
During the siege of Osijek, The Ottoman relief force would have done well to concentrate on a single wall front and it's siege camp. This would have both increased their odds of routing their opposition due to local numerical superiority, and also it would have made it possible for the defenders to focus their efforts of reinforcing the walls for the other two still threatened wall fronts. Yet ignoring this conventional approach of defeating the enemy in detail, the shock and confusion of a general attack forced the enemy to lift the siege. This enabled the Ottoman force to merge with the city garrison and further made it possible for a field battle victory to be achieved.
Very nice documentary, would like tonpoint out that original native name of Castel Nuovo is Herceg Novi. After the battle one of the citadels was named by the turks Kanli Kula, meaning blody tower.
@Alperen Oz It does. I believe its Italian. Herceg Novi means New Herceg or New Ruler and it the word is of Serbian origin. Castelnuovo is Italian i believe. The city was erected in 1382 by a Serbian Bosnian king Tvrtko I Kotormanic.
well if you know Spain history you must expect a surprise attack everywhere,everytime, because the good thing that are doing Spain a formidable infantry is the "bravado", every soldier is a captain too, so they dont wait order if they see a opportunity to win, they take it, and "encamisadas" is a good example, is more special force today that a simple raid, they are in the night, sword in hand.
I swear in every history video its always "Heavy rain stopped the army from marching" "Heavy snow blizzards started early that year and broke the siege" "The unusual hot scorching summer heat exhausted the army"
Just to solve some doubts. Ottoman army was basically compose of 80% peasants cam and 20% of two exceptional units the light cavalry and the janissaries. Those units were the most professional non-mercenary units together with the Spanish Tercios on that time. Furthermore, they had the best heavy artillery on that period.
@Kings and Generals : Guys, you're missing on some very important details about the history and battles you are describing. I am talking about the time it took for one army or another army to move from point A to point B. For example how quickly did the forces of Suleiman reach the north western border of Hungary to attack Ferdinand Hapsburg? Was it days? (probably not). Weeks? Months? Was it limited by the speed of horses? Were they all on horses? I assume not since it would require too many horses. So did the horses move at the speed infantry can walk? This kind of detail is very important to understand the scale. It doesn't even have to be described in every battle and army movement, but maybe at least in important battles.
Castelnuovo for the spanish tercio, Camaron for the french foreign legion. Fought to the last man and gave hell to the enemies... That is how true legends starts - finest hours.
Hey Kings and Generals, please do a video about the Visigoths, I’d really appreciate it as reading it on Wikipedia or watching Kings and Generals do a documentary about it? Yeah, I’d choose Kings and Generals.
03:50 Ferdinand was Charles´ Brother, both were grandsons of HREmperor Maximilian I.. Charles` son was Phillip of Spain, whereas Ferdinand´s eldest was Maximilian II, who would succeed his Father Ferdinand as HREmperor, who in turn had succeeded his brother Charles V. in 1556.
@Benji N Ottomans had armored units too like Qapıkulu spahis and serdengeçti janissaries. Ottoman tactics proved to be surperior during 14th century to 17th.
@Umar Ansari my respects once again. As most people, Im a lil bias, and I want my ancestors to win as much as they can, but Im not blinded by it, enemy deserves recognition as well.
@Velkan I respect everyone who fight with honor whether Turk, Spanish, German, Austrian, Persian, French etc Massive respect to you not many people appreciate their Opponents like you do I also appreciate Spaniards as they gave tough fight to everyone they fought
A History channel finally featuring the Spanish Tercios, hooh-hah! What the Spaniards did in the 16th and first half of the 17th centuries is unmatched in world history, except perhaps by the romans.
@Armin Cal the mexicas suffered diseases cause their great city Tenochtitlan was built next to a lake and the first rule of architecture in that times was never build a city near of a lake. After spaniards conquered the city, their engineers dried completely the lake from the city, with all the shitty technology of the time
Can you do one on the Long Turkish War of the later 16th century and 17th century? So many of the generals of the 30 Years War fought in it from Tilly, Wallenstein to a host of other famous imperial/ Protestant generals. If was one of the last efforts of solidarity btw the Catholics and the Protestants before the horrors of the 17th century
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE pero los españoles eran los mejores,los británicos a su lado eran una caca pegada a un palo,chihuahua inglés ,te jode que españa tuviera la mejor infantería y Marina durante siglos,aprende historia chihuahua y cura esa envidia
@john leber Thete were several armadas as big or bigger than 1588. They landed in Ireland, they also labded in Cornwall fought in Scotland...there were attacks on london, Southampton, Wigh, Plymouth, Cornwalles. As much as i respect the UK bravery it shocks me how deliberately ypu have been lied abput your own history when it comes to Spain, and only Spain. The fact that your official history diminishes our true power actually insults the bravery and glory of ypur soldiers who fough against us. I have studied the histoey of UK quite well and lived in uk, and i respect both of us past snd bravery. Sslute to the bravery and resilience of British fallen soldiers.
@Random Guy Lol, It is just the opposite. Everything you said is just the opposite. They worked much better as an open field unit because they were created for that. To maneuver in battles with pikes, arquebusers and muskets. Have you seen many pikes in sieges? Of course not, man. But they adapted to almost any type of combat. You could put them in ships like in Lepanto, where they crushed the Turks. You could put them on walls like in Castelnuovo or in Malta. Where they again crushed the Turks. The jenízaros were good, brave and disciplined, but he was a type of soldier who had become dated in the 16th century. It was the soldiers who took Constantinople and they had hardly evolved. Learn. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercio
Show notes
:
0. Sorry for the late release - rendering 8k videos is painful.
1. Audibooks are really good - I have recently been listening to the Wheel of Time audibooks, narrated by Kate Reading and Michael Kramer - a completely new experience, must try. Audible has all kinds of historical stuff, too, so try it out, that will help our channel immensely: www.audible.com/kingsandgenerals
2. Ottoman series is a mess and we have completely resigned to this fact. It is impossible to form a straightforward narrative, so you will see some jumping back and forth. For instance, a very interesting siege of Klis happened around the same time and we will probably cover it separately. Simultaneously, the Ottomans were fighting the Portuguese everywhere from West Africa to India, but it is hard to present those battles within the main timeline, so expect a standalone episode on that down the line. Still, this series is a perfect vehicle to cover a long period and many regions, so we will run it all the way to 1923.
3. Unfortunately, not all sources are accessible for us. Apparently there is a Croatian retelling of Gorjani, but since we don't know the language and no translation is available. We will try to rectify it down the line.
Thank you for your effort. It has a great merit. But I wonder if you've considered the Ottoman sources, since all the Christian losts have been presented in the same way: the Ottomans outnumbered the Christians. The Chirstians fought braverly and were heroic. But at the end, the Christians lost, just because they were outnumbered. It seems to repeat the same excuses presented by the Christians since the Crusades. It seems to be always a one-sided view of the facts. There is no evauation of the sources, nor a critical analysis of them.
Please upload battle of masts
Dislike for the audible sponsorship
What is red line in map of ottoman empire
@Mond90u SQUAD!
The defense of Castelnuovo was genius. That Sarmiento guy was an incredible tactician. They caused maximum possible casualties. Amazing.
IF this story is true, and not war propaganda from the Christian side.
@UC5OFgN-wZL1_1Py26t2Elfg if you think it is fake, why did you waste 20 minutes of your life watching an ridiculous outstanding documentary that is factual and true. Have a great day or night whenever you’re reading this 😂🤣
jaffer raza 2-3 more of such victories for the Ottoman Empire and Istanbul would renamed to Constantinopol.
jaffer raza he didn’t simply lose, he handed his enemy them a Pyrrhic victory.
The bravery of the defenders of Castelnuovo is astonishing.
@Lucachancla González ¿Y quien está llorando? Se trata de una DENUNCIA.
@Herrero madre mía que llorón
@jesus anton Exactamente, ¿que han borrado? No recuerdo que hayan borrado nada, explica de que hablas.
Por otra parte, la historia no se puede denigrar. La historia es falsa o verdadera. Y no existe tal cosa como la "historia hispana", sino la historia de América, bajo el dominio opresivo del imperio español.
@Herrero Lo ha borrado. Su cuenta se lo han borrado o él mismo la ha borrado, una buena desición ya que denigraba a la historia española e hispana en general.
Quick note about Tercios' surprise night attacks: they were made in small units wearing white shirts over their breastplates to make soldiers easily recognize each other. These attacks were named "encamisada" (camisa=shirt) and were deployed by Tercios against all their enemies with great success many times during the 16th and 17th centuries.
William Ewart Gladstone Los ataques nocturnos son peligrosos, en la noche es fácil confundir a los amigos con enemigos, es más fácil perderse, alejarse de tus compañeros, etc... requieren de una disciplina férrea, un gran control de tus tropas, y pocos ejércitos entrenaban para llevarlos a cabo, y muchos ataques nocturnos han acabado en desastre por esto, y por eso pocos generales se atrevían a llevarlos a cabo.
Los atenienses por ejemplo cuando atacaron Siracusa se dedicaron a matarse entre sí al no ser capaces de reconocerse por la noche.
Para eso sirven las camisas blancas, la diferencia es que los tercios se entrenaban habitualmente en ésta táctica para utilizarla sin los riesgos de otros ejércitos. Por eso eran tan efectivas.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE Sin embargo los Españoles eran muy capaces en este arte como se puede ver en Pavía y en esta batalla.
Loving the Ottoman and Napoleon series. Are you planning to go as far as WWI with Ottomans?
I would love to see plevne and galipoli
Yeah, they will cover most of the major battles. It will be great to see the slow and methodical demise of the Ottomans and their gradual removal from Europe following the siege of Vienna.
😍😍😍😍😍😍😍🍄🍄🍄🍄🍄🍄🍄
@Reshpeck They may have inherently hated the Ottomons, but they maintained stability in the region. Human beings naturally just want to work, feed themselves, and live relaxing lives. The Ottomons allowed them to do this. Fighting for the empire became fighting for their way of life. The rest of Europe suffered much more turbulence. Think about how much of a mess the balkans became after the collapse of the empire.
@Ibti Uddin Napoleon campaign in Egypt
Finally, I would like to explain that the Spanish tercio name was the name of their "general" Sarmiento. This Tercio retreated in a previous battle during the Italians war. According to the ordinances, if a Tercio unit retreat from battle field they would be disolved and they would be mark as cowards. Luckily for them, a new Ottoman war started and they were giving a second chance to recover their prestige. As they retreated before they have to reject the generous offer from Barbarossa. Death before dishonor.
"Death before dishonor"
I think is more like "let us die here rather than be tortured by the king"
Where exactly is stated that if a Tercio unit retreated from the battlefield they would be disolved and they would be mark as cowards? Where can I see those ordinances? It seems many myths have been created around the tercios by the Spaniards. The tercios Villalba y Garcíez retired from the Rocroi battlefield, since they surrender.ed The only ordinance for the Spanish tercios existing in this year of 1537, was the Ordenanza de Génova, and it didn't mention ANYTHING about this subject.
Invaluable fact.
As a Turkish big respect to Sarmiento he was a brave man.
@Carlos Gomez lol keep posting your cringe fan fiction
@ivan arcila What would you do if your enemy slained 4 of your elite soldiers for every m^2 of a fort that you expected it to fall in a week
Suleiman's greatest enemy is RAİN
And 🌨 😂snow
Because empire reached its logistical limit. If army started marching from Istanbul, it would find only few weeks to campaign at border before the end of campaigning season i.e. arrival of rain.
@The statistician Actually safavids defeated ottomans at the time of Shah Abbas and they got revenge.
@The statistician yeah selim actually captured the capital of safavid but his soldiers were too tired to wait
@Corinthian The Turks defeated Iran/Persia 4 times, Google is free, and took Tebriz, Basra, Mossul, Bagdad...from the persians. The reason why the Turks dont took hole persia was because they conquered Europe, they wanted Vienna and oder western territorys.
That was not the end of the glorious Tercio though. Time later a handfull of prisoners in Constantinople would manage to break free, steal a friggin boat and arrive to Cartagena (Spain) months later. And the first bloody thing they'd do would be to report to their King as the last survivors of Castelnuovo.
William Ewart Gladstone a ti te pagan por ir echando mierda de España en los comentarios o es que te aburres mucho?
Arriba ESPAÑA coño!!!
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE No tanto, la gran mayoría de los esclavos no escapaban, lo que hicieron los Tercios supervivientes de Castelnuovo fue increíble.
Reminds me of the Soviet POWs who stole a German bomber from a military base where they were working as forced labour building rocket station for the Nazis.
They reported to Soviet forces and told them about the wunderwaffen Germans were developing. They were arrested as traitors becaause they had surrendered to Germans in the first place.
One of them later received honours because some scientists and military officers realized the info they gave was important.
Seven were sent to rifle units and 5 of them died in action.
Three escapes POW officers were kept under investigation.
The main character of that story is Mikhail Devyataev.
Check it out.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE por aquí otra vez y mintiendo, lo que te Jode es que fuéramos la mejor infantería de todos los tiempos, te metes en páginas bélicas españolas porque envidias a España, te recuerdo que trafalgar los británicos perdieron 23 buques y 10446 hombres, chihuahua inglés,
Sarmiento stayed to defend Castelnuovo without any possibility before an overwhelming ottoman force. Having received an offer of surrender that would save their lives, they had to choose between life and honor and, of course, it was a spanish Tercio... the unit that dominated battlefields for almost 150 years. If the defenders had been anglo-saxons, Hollywood would have already made two movies... BTW, for us the spaniards is Charles (Carlos) I of Spain and V of Germany, the very first of our Habsburgs.
@Victory In fact, that stroryline is the same in many stories around the world. But at least the Spartans were fighting for thieir country, manwhile the Spaniards were only cannon fodder for the ambitions of the Habsburgs in Europe.
First of all you need someone to write you a good script 😂. The storyline looks similar to Spartas 300
Usually the defenders of fortified places fought superior enemies, since the fortifications gave them a great adavantage. It is a pity that Spaniards don't have a respectable movie industry, and that their movies are not even accepted among the spanish-speaking peoples in America. But they retaliate begging space on the ANGLO-SAXON social networks to self-glorify their lost empire in every corner. And remember, the spanish tercios only dominated battlefields in Western Europe, not in the whole world. Wit the aid of mercenaries.
Well, what about spanish film-studios? Did they make a movie about this honorable last stand of non-anglo-saxons?
I get what you mean, for my country it is the same, but we cannot expect others to do the work while our countries are not proud/willing enough to give credit to our ancestors where credit is due.
Huge respect to those Spanish defenders
@Rellos Apostolos Greek are not fighters lol. Nice joke there
@Ahmed turgut oh you might be forgetting my man Alexander, and yes the greek macedonian falanges were as fierce as the spanish tercios, both of our nations can be known for changing the militar world for ever
@Rellos Apostolos Greetings from Spain, brother. The Greeks have always been fierce warriors and, above all, the fathers of Western civilization with Rome. In Spain there is a lot of respect for Greece and the Greeks, as many served and gave their lives for Spain. An example is Pedro de Candia, a Greek Conquistador who participated in the conquest of the Inca Empire. He was one of the thirteen of fame and one of the most important Conquistadors in American history. He was named Grande de España (Great of Spain), the highest dignity that a man outside the royalty can receive in Spain. Ignore the Turkish haters.
@Ahmed turgut are kidding me Greeks were in constant wars for 2k years before the turks even learn to write learn some history and stop spitting out shit and don't forget that Europe destroyed the byzantine empire
@Rellos Apostolos you said Greeks are fierce fighter no they weren't.also no they weren't fighting other countries, their main enemy was the ottoman empire,likewise European countries actually helped Greece out so I don't know what your speaking about
The Emperor Charles V did NOT have a son called Ferdinand 3:51. His son was Philip (who would become king of Spain, as Philip II). Ferdinand was Charles' younger brother. He would succeed to the Imperial throne as Ferdinand I once Charles abdicated in 1556.
themailman43 (Charles V/Carlos I) i knew that he is descendant of King Fernando and Queen Isabella from maternal line. But also descendant of Emperor Maxilimian from paternal line.
@Sharif Bolkiah That is correct, but constantly anglonizing the names can cause confusion.
really? isn't Fernando is just his name in Spanish? just like Charles V coronated as Carlos I in Spain?
Kings and Generals made a mistake.
Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi)'s biggest perk is its topography. It's a very steep town, a nightmare assault, and there are 4 fortresses in the town (the whole town was surrounded by walls and every level was difficult to take. Those steps are killing tourists of the town, cant imagine how exhausting would be to assault those walls from below, for an armed soldier.
Kings and Generals uploads a video on the Ottoman Wars, my day is offically made.
We Japanese love Turkey.I am Japanese.Japan has saved many Muslims.On September 16, 1890,An Ottoman ship Ertuğrul Fırkateyni was wrecked in the sea near Japan. Most of the people on the boat were many thrown into the sea because of the storm. Japan rescued the Turks thrown into the sea. Japan treated the injured many Turks who were saved. 69 Turks have been rescued.The Japanese gave the Turkish a warm meal every day. Many Japanese donated money to save the Turks.The Japanese loved and cared for the 69 Turkish people.The Turkish injury has healed.And Japan sent the survivors of the Turks safely to the Ottoman Empire.The 69 Turks were able to reunite with their beloved family and friends.
The Japanese love Turkish , memorial ceremonies are still held for Turkish people who have died.
@Kings and Generals make videos on Naderian Wars, Hotak Rebellion, Safavid Restoration and Ottoman Safavid Wars 1603-12, 1615-18, 1623-39.
@Kings and Generals daulah umayyah
Screw your DP, man. XD
Kings and Generals can you do the Spartacus rebellion
Some others were suggesting this in the comments, but I think if you guys did an Ottoman extension of your armies and tactics series that would be really cool. It would be interesting to see how the military transformed and adapted to the rapidly changing nature of warfare throughout the pre modern era.
Also according to the Truce Of Constantinople :Ferdinand was to be considered as the King of Germany, and Charles V as the King of Spain, and they were equal to the Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire. Moreover, they were banned to count anyone as 'Emperor' except the Ottoman Emperor.
@Άρωμα Μπλε That's why the shores of Italy were raided the next year. :D
You seem in need of glasses. I said that it was one battle in a war which the Ottomans won. Cyprus was taken from the Venetians. The Holy League, which consisted of half a dozen nations were forced to watch Cyprus being taken.
Shaving a beard and cutting an arm are two different things.
@Άρωμα Μπλε yea that's true
@Sahipkıran the big blow for Turks in Lepanto was that many experienced sailors, corsairs and commanders died.
The fleet was rebuilt but the quality of the crews wasn’t the same
@Iason29 It is a treaty which Austria accepted.
Holy? Roman????
Ahahahahaha
@Martín Gonzalez Lepanto is a fucking sea battle. It didn't change nothing. In the same year, Cyprus was taken from Venice.
1 year later, under the guidance of Uluç Ali Pasha, the Ottomans build an even bigger fleet and raided the coastlines of Europe
Great content!! I’m really liking this ottoman series keep up the good work!!
Will do, thanks!
Omg I live in Castelnuovo!!! First time I see my town featured anywhere! So proud!
I'm Spanish so we share being proud of this!
@FED-E-RER FED-E-RER да
Jel to oni misle na herceg novi
@Great Wolf Good lads :D
Itachi Uchiha it was angevin empire and capital was angers
Brilliant management of troops in Gorjani and exact opposite in Castelnuovo. Barbaros should have stuck to waters. Heroic fight for Spaniards.
@hamza9234 It was not an option. The honour code of that time in Spain was very strong, If he could had taken the gold and leave we would have been a traitor and a unrespectfull comander, his family, the nobles and the society would had rejected him. So it was worse than be alive and rich for him, and if you add that the vision of christians in that era about muslims was that they were literally the followers of the antichrist, he could have becomen a traitor to the king and to the pope.
Yep it seemed like the populous of Castelnuovo didn't want to be part of the ottoman empire. Then again, the Spanish commander should of took the gold and left to avoid the shed of blood of their own troops and the civilians. This is under the assumption that the commander didn't expect to get any aid.
@archduke I don't think the civilians wanted to be Turkish subjects, so they wanted the defenders to win. Otherwise the siege would not have lasted so long.
@archduke dude, the civilians we're even trying to save the Spanish commander, and he was like, "fuck off, if I'm gonna die, I'll die with honor" and die protecting them.
@archduke Lol, they shielded the civilians themselves not otherwise
As I understand the "fall" of Bagdad to the Turks, the city was voluntarily and willingly turned over since the Sunni inhabitants preferred Turkish Sufi rule or hegemony to being occupied by the Persian She'ites
@Gjin Bue Shpata incorrect.
wait the ottomans were sufi???
Ārtin Āryāmēhr Alexander most certainly was not an evil man, but can’t really blame you for saying that considering your nationality :/
Sarmiento refused to surrender saing: "Come when you want" ("Que vengan cuando quieran"). And when the commander of the last 200 spaniards, Machín de Munguía, was captured, Barbarroja offered him to comand an Ottoman fleet, the response of Machín was spitting on the feet of Barbarroja and saing: "before death that dishonors" ( "Antes la muerte que la deshonra "). And after that he was executed. Sorry for my english. Honor for those brave Spanish soldiers🇪🇸
Most likely, these are popular sayings that do not have any reliable source in the manner of spitting and addressing. After the killing of Murad I by a Serbian soldier, the Ottoman leaders did not have any direct contact on the battlefield, and there are sources that say that they escaped from prison in Turkey to Spain, and they did not guarantee that they exaggerated a lot of They act to please themselves and their community
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE Das pena
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE dale gracias a la tecnología, que gracias a ella tu cobardía tiene respaldo, de otra manera jamás hubieras aprendido a gabaratear tus rebuznidos....
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE tus comentarios siempre resultan patéticos, campeón.
God bless these valiant heroes!
Swiss Guard : We are the most valiant and loyal foot soldiers ever
Spanish Pike-men : Hold my beer
Hold my red 🍷in Bicoca battle.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE los comparas tu, no yo, en bicoca 3000 piqueros muertos, ni un soldado de los tercios 0. Primera vez que se enfrentaron a pelo y les hicieron desaparecer del mapa.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE en bicoca fueron masacrados
I say only... Battle of bicoca, not more to say about foot soldiers...
The video is very good, the historical knowledge about the war is good and easy to absorb. I hope the channel grows more and more🤗🤗🤗🤗
2019: Kings and Generals
2020: Sultans and Generals
What do you mean made by *'two Christian guy'*
Kamil Azman lmao, a Muslim talks like a sassy white girl.
@034_Yoppy Ilham Ramadhan 2023 Maharajas and Samraats
Not one to complain about anything on expertly made videos, but Ferdinand was Charles V brother and not his son. Ferdinand ruled the holy roman empire in the name of his brother until he himself became Emperor after his brother's death. Charles V's son and heir Philpp inherited Spain, Flanders and the american territories of the spanish empire while the empire went to his uncle Ferdinand since ruling all those territories was incredibly difficult at a time with no modern day transportation or communications.
@Juan Carlos Garcia trafalgar es mentira como son asi de buenos los ingleses para mentir
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE los germanos fueron gobernados por carlos I ,lo que pasa es que te jode porque tienes envidia,hablas español porque envidias a España, te jode la hazaña española en castelnuovo como otras tantas, y como te dijeron en hechos de España hasta trafalgar es una mentira bélica inglesa como tantas,chihuahua inglés, o como en Filipinas en 1763 que ya estabais derrotados por anda y salazar,hablas español porque sientes envidia y rabia a españa porque os hemos apalizado siempre,
literally that statement is wrong. he ruled holy roman kingdom not empire. we officially dont recognize it as an empire.
What if Ferdinand was both his brother and father? I mean we are talking habsburgs here.
Barbarossa was actually very impressed at the bravery of the garrison and offered the garrison commander a place in his army, but the latter refused and was subsequently beheaded
It wasnt the garrison commander (named Francisco Sarmiento) but one surviving captain named Machin de Munguia, the man was already nicknamed as "the hero of Preveza" by his men due to his actions defending a venetian galley during that battle.
The Spanish Tercio was an absolute beast in the 16th century when led well.
They are america military complex before it was cool
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE Solo estoy describiendo lo que valían las mujeres para tus amados ingleses 😉
No valían ni una bolsa de patatas fritas 😆 un cacho de pan tenía más valor que las mujeres inglesas, no ya de la época, sino de todas la épocas de la historia de ese país. Incluso hay casos en los que fiaban 😂😂😂 "págame cuando puedas" Decían. En más de 500 años no sé si se llegaba a los 1000 euros de recaudación XDD!
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE 😂😂😂 esa es tu respuesta!? Buahhaahaha te ha dolido eh? Patético a más no poder 🤣
Esto lo mencione en un documental Anglo y ellos mismos se sorprendían y avergonzaban. Claro, como les van a enseñar esto. Sabes la cantidad de British que descienden de mujeres que fueron compradas o vendidas en esquinas meadas?? No interesaba airearlo. 🤦♂️😆😆😆😆
Respect to all those defenders.Rest in Peace.
Kings and Generals blessing me with AGAIN an amazing video! I can't say this enough, but damn, you guy's content is just absolutely amazing!
Can we/i have a documentary about the portuguese-ottoman war. Ive read something interesting on this subject but there is little information about this war. Keep the good work!
Plo Koon Ottoman navy was compitable for sea, not for ocean unlike the Portugese. Ottomans were surperior on Meditternean but not in the Ocean.
Jedi Temple Guard Ottoman government tried to revive the space trade by building suez canal and caspian-black sea canal but they failed due to lack of technology. They couldn't win on sea since portugal had hundred years of naval tradition where as ottoman only had 50-100 years at that time. Oh and 0 knowledge about oceans :D
@Mbappe Afterburner explain to me what country is Iberia, please, for I don't recall it ever existed as such, (and I should know something being myself from Iberian Peninsula) those wars with Portugal were another scenario, even further of the Berber Regencies, as Morocco as far as I know didnt have Ottoman dependency.
@Mbappe Afterburner that was not part of the ottoman-portuguese war
Jedi Temple Guard
Are you historian or something?
I dont know why , but i feel so thankfull right now.
In high school we were less informed in many way.
Thank you so much from İzmir (not smyrna)
Those Spanish Tercios were legendary.
@Juan Carlos Garcia en realidad fueron 24. 000 turcos por la totalidad (a excepción de 25 españoles que consiguieron escapar de Constantinopla) del tercio defensor, pero hay que tener en cuenta que sólo hubo 4000 españoles mientras que prácticamente los turcos eran 200.000 según historiadores (12 a 1) una gesta heroica por parte de nuestros antepasados españoles.
The Alexander's phalanx in the middle ages, pretty much.
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE 3.000 soldados devastando un ejército de 50.000.
A mi sólo se me ocurre una comparación en toda la historia de la humanidad.
@Rubén Cuadros lo busque y no aparece, tienes un link?
Saludos
One of my ancestors, Machín de Mungia fought in that siege. He was feared among the ottoman navy and seeing Barbarossa what affect would be, asked him twice to abjure christianity or be beheaded. The answer was "come the death because I won't" and the ottoman obliged. It was a time of bigger men, in both sides.
@Stefan Peychev fake story
@Alejandro Machín i am asking how do u know machin is ur ancestor?
@Stefan Peychev Well, I wasn't there, but the captive survivors that escaped from Constantinople back to Spain told what happend during the siege and in the aftermath. That's why this video exists, the ottomans wouldn't have told the story in the same way.
How do you know this?
That last attack outside the walls was amazing I think they had the chance to destroy all the cannons and if they did they could have possibly won that battle.
One of those executed after the battle was Captain Machín de Munguía, who had distinguished himself with his company of Biscaymen in the Battle of Preveza, defending tooth and nail, with success, a damaged Venetian galley and harassed by several Turkish ships. Barbarossa offered him to work for him or death, he preferred death and was beheaded on the spot.
Since your doing so much on the Ottoman Empire why not do a video on the Ottoman army
@Reshpeck yeah dude everyone on this planet is never wrong allways correct thanks for the conversation
@Gelir Gecer Dude! You basically just tried to say exactly what I told you.
Look man. Even if you disagree, can you not at least appreciate how much time I put into writing all that? Does it not mean anything to you that a complete stranger who, though foreign, happens to be an academic expert in your actual civic history, and is trying to engage with you on a rather deep level over that history?
I'm not just words on a screen, you know. I'm an actual person who probably deserves at least some level of the respect I've shown you. I'm not just trying to be right and prove you wrong, you know. I'm actually attempting a dialogue here. Wasting my time? Certainly so, if you simply refuse to acknowledge that anyone who disagrees with you might not be wrong by default, and may in fact know a lot about what he's talking about.
@Reshpeck i think you are far away with the reality and you want to see things as you wish to see it but thats the reality in todays world
@Gelir Gecer Ah, I see what is going on. You are speaking ideologically, wanting your own history to be represented in a way that favors your civic pride. As an American, I completely understand. However, you would not expect me to pretend that my country is not actually responsible for the atrocities committed in her name, would you?
Turkey has a history that extends far further back than the United States. Before the Ottomans was the Byzantines, and the Romans, and the Persians. The truth of your country's history is not something that can be subjected to the preferences of its modern citizens. Only a detached and objective appreciation of the historical record can reveal that truth. As a Turk, I should expect you would want to love your country as she truly is, with the full, unwashed completeness of her history, rather than love a fiction.
Our debate is only a minor matter. The military prowess of the Janissaries is unique to history-no other nation may claim anything like it. It does not do to minimize their massive impact on not only the development of the former Turkish empire, greatest of its time for centuries, but the course of history over the entire globe. Neither should one gloss over their corruption and bloat, largely contributing to the eventual imperial disintegration, only to be rescued from the fate to which the Levant, Arabia, Northern Africa-indeed the very remnants of the empire-were subjected, but for the surviving legacy of the Ottoman martial tradition and spirit, effectively harnessed for the survival of Turkish independence by the brilliant Ataturk. This is a credit to the Janissaries as much as to Tanzimat, a century removed regardless. All other aspects of the Ottoman Empire's history are no less unique, glorious, revolutionary, progressive, tyrannical, inspiring, despairing, incredible.
It seems to me that this need you have displayed, to diminish one of the greatest aspects of your own civic history, is indicative of an insecurity you have: a lack of confidence in the rest of your history-particularly that with which you more closely identify-to stand on its own merits. It is as though I wished to downplay my country's history of enslavement, genocide of the natives, continuous manipulation of sovereign states for our own gain, or any other atrocious part of US history, because I did not believe that our conduct in the face of fascism, communism, and totalitarianism; our promotion of free trade, capitalist ideology, and concomitant global spread of individual liberties and prosperity; our unprecedented level of charity, and support for the weaker peoples of the world against the strong who would otherwise dominate them; they are not sufficient unless one forgets all the other aspects of American history. This is in fact occurring right now everywhere here, with critical race theory, the 1614 project, Black Lives Matter, and what have you. It only results in the destruction of all that was once good about a nation. Don't do it to your own, as we are doing here.
@Reshpeck the fuel witch kept the Ottoman engine running was the Ottoman heartland and its people present day turkey
One hell of a defense in Castelnuovo and one brilliant commander Francisco de Sarmiento!
@Socrates II we all saw the bravery of Barbarossa when Spanish tercios came dangerously close to him instead of counter attacking with his large force, he fled to his ship like a sissy 😅 what a sign of bravery it was 🤣🤣🤣
@Gala and all of the aid will be destroyed, but they are too scared to come, and they called themselves brave hahaha what a joke about this holy league
@Gala Things did not work like today. Deploying thousands of men over great distances required preparation for months. Forget your vision of things with today's clock and calendar. By the time news arrived in Madrid, the siege was almost over. You were alone, there was nowhere to retire and you knew it, that's why you fought hard.
@MALVIN KALAJ The true strength of a wall are the soldiers who guard it.
@Alex87 vivan por siempre
Really appreciate the research you put into it. Great job!
Ottoman wars are the best series👌
I m really happy you are making a video about the cost where I live in if you need I can send you pictures of the old depictions of the battle on facebook. The Spanish fort is still standing in the city. This conquest of barbarosa had however big implications for the bay. Since the city of castel nuovo (hercegnovi ) is at the entrance of the bay it hindered the trade in kotor we had many sailing ships and the people were merchants. The problem was later solved when the venitions took over the city togheer with local captains one who distinguished himself was Vicko Bujovic. Anyways thanks a lot for covering this battle and this tiny part of our earth :)
I think Suleiman is one of the least capable of the Ottoman rulers. He has a complete super power at his disposal, yet he withdrew from way too many battles compared to other Ottoman rulers who came up on top even against greater odds. He is forming unnecessarily huge armies against smaller foes, wasting the royal treasury. He also killed many important statesmen, along with the most prominent heir to the throne. He left a bankrupt empire to the people who don't know how to rule.
Daha haklı bir yorum görmedim
Lords of the Horizons is also available in hardcover. I literally read it last month. Very interesting overview of the Ottoman Empire
I am Turkish and let me say this. Watching this series let me realize how terrible a leader Süleyman was. He just spent the power gained by Selim and Mehmet. Selim and Mehmet gained so much power for Ottomans, Süleyman was invincible in his life time. Regardless he lost the maximum number of men possible. The wars he won were at great cost.
but this doesnt make him bad, he won battles without many casualties
Not only that but he killed his own son 😢
Excellent video as always. I'd like to see you go into detail about the Ottoman Empire's development and evolution
Good video, though 1532 campaign, covered briefly at the beginning went slightly differently. First, most of the pillaging (most notably Graz), happened after the siege of Kiseg (in Croatian), as Turks were going back. The reason why Ibrahim thought Jurišić had more man was because he was one of the envoys in 1530. Now, that talks were strange. Envoys only knew Latin and German, while Turks knew Turkish and Greek (Ibrahim was actually Greek). As a consequence, the actual negotiations were mostly between Jurišić and Suleiman himself. Suleiman was fluent in Serbian, and Croatian is almost the same. Ibrahim did not like this, so he had kind of grudge against Jurišić-
Jurišić was not sent to defend Kiseg, it was actually his choice to defend his own castle. He only had 38 professional soldiers (personal guard) and managed to buy some 650 muskets and then trained 650 peasants, refugees after the Mohač battle, for about two weeks before the Turks arrived. He did not intend to stop the Turks, only to hold the castle. Basically, the siege itself is described in the same way in the Austrian and Turkish sources until the last day. (There is a letter sent on the night before the last assault to Vienna, in which Jurišić states they are out of gunpowder.)
The last day versions differ, but what is sure is that Suleiman granted Kiseg to Jurišić for his bravery, as this is also noted in both Austrian and Turkish sources. Most likely, there was a nominal surrender, which saved the Croats from execution and saved face to Suleiman (well, not really...).
Damn it all. I was watching you all day long... Just to see that you actually made a video about Castelnuovo (modern Herceg Novi). A small town i din't even know that such a powerful battle and bravery too place in the same place i live... Great video as always, and greetings from Castelnuovo
Ah the Spanish tercios. Talked about on the history uncovered channel. That dude is severely underrated.
It’s outrageous how great your content is!
Please make more about spanish history. Battle of Nördlingen for example :)
it's amazing what the world has forgotten. thanks for this!
Man that was an epic last stand I love it! Keep up the good work
Ok, i'm spanish, and this summer i'm going to herceg novi (castelnuovo) and i had no idea of this Battle till now!!! THIS VIDEO MADE MY DAY
@KaRhU 117 hahahahaa
I expects you gone with the pike and your arcabúz rifle.
What a coincedence.
What a legendary hold that was in Castelnuovo...
We love Ottoman series. we want more videos on this series.
Heroes, respect. Thank you for this great video.
Tim Willocks' book, The Religion... everyone of these Ottoman videos reminds me of it. Damn good historical fiction. Epic battle scenes
New kings and generals video? You guys just made my day 20 times better :D
Let us pay tribute to those men that preferred to die with honor rather than lay down their beliefs
It will be awesome if they make a movie out of this battle!!!!
Awesome video, this battle should be turned into a movie!
"Y que viniesen cuando quisiesen"
Francisco Sarmiento.
This was good-never heard of either battle. Wow the Spaniards were tough bastards weren't they?? Like to see you guys tackle the 30s Years War sometime-you know, White Mtn, all things Gustavos, Nordlingen, Wittstock, the Cardinal Infante invasion of NE France, Rocroi, etc. There is a lot there to work with.
This deserves a movie.
Castelnuovo battle is like real world tower defense game.
Could you do a video on the siege of Klis ?
It would also show how the defense and resistance against tge ottomans by the locals was organised .
Awesome video Kings and Generals (like many of your series) ¡¡¡ Viva los tercios !!!💪👏
this ought to be one of the most heroic last stands in history
An encounter like that would certainly make me hesitate getting in to more sieges against any place that has more such troops. One can only handle so many Pyrrhic like victories.
The story of Kisseg and Nikola Jurisic says that end deal was after stuborn resistance: "You let us int and we will retreat in the end." So it was and Nikola and his crew were free. Later he got nobility for disrupting whole invasion at this small fort.
During the siege of Osijek, The Ottoman relief force would have done well to concentrate on a single wall front and it's siege camp. This would have both increased their odds of routing their opposition due to local numerical superiority, and also it would have made it possible for the defenders to focus their efforts of reinforcing the walls for the other two still threatened wall fronts.
Yet ignoring this conventional approach of defeating the enemy in detail, the shock and confusion of a general attack forced the enemy to lift the siege. This enabled the Ottoman force to merge with the city garrison and further made it possible for a field battle victory to be achieved.
Ottoman Wars are the best wars! Thanks again K&G!
Very nice documentary, would like tonpoint out that original native name of Castel Nuovo is Herceg Novi. After the battle one of the citadels was named by the turks Kanli Kula, meaning blody tower.
Im from Castelnuovo (now Herceg Novi). Thank you for this video!
@Aleksa M. Tvrtko Kotromanic je bio Hrvat,prestanite više falsificirati povijest.Želje su jedno , istina drugo.
@Alperen Oz It does. I believe its Italian. Herceg Novi means New Herceg or New Ruler and it the word is of Serbian origin. Castelnuovo is Italian i believe. The city was erected in 1382 by a Serbian Bosnian king Tvrtko I Kotormanic.
Is this literally means "new castle"? If it is in which languages they are?
The Ottoman videos are awesome, thank you Kings and Generals.
barbarossa was like
i didn't expect a surprise Spanish attack
...
NOBODY EXPECTS A SURPRISE SPANISH ATTACK
well if you know Spain history you must expect a surprise attack everywhere,everytime, because the good thing that are doing Spain a formidable infantry is the "bravado", every soldier is a captain too, so they dont wait order if they see a opportunity to win, they take it, and "encamisadas" is a good example, is more special force today that a simple raid, they are in the night, sword in hand.
Not even the natives in South America
but a welcome one
I swear in every history video its always
"Heavy rain stopped the army from marching"
"Heavy snow blizzards started early that year and broke the siege"
"The unusual hot scorching summer heat exhausted the army"
Just to solve some doubts.
Ottoman army was basically compose of 80% peasants cam and 20% of two exceptional units the light cavalry and the janissaries. Those units were the most professional non-mercenary units together with the Spanish Tercios on that time. Furthermore, they had the best heavy artillery on that period.
You're being quite kind to Katzianer in this reconstruction. Some sources claim his army was already in disarray before he even arrived to Osijek.
YES! More Ottoman history!
They should make a video on battle of maritsa.800 Chad Turks VS 70.000 Virgin Balkanians.
Yes I love these episodes, please don’t stop!!
@Kings and Generals : Guys, you're missing on some very important details about the history and battles you are describing. I am talking about the time it took for one army or another army to move from point A to point B. For example how quickly did the forces of Suleiman reach the north western border of Hungary to attack Ferdinand Hapsburg? Was it days? (probably not). Weeks? Months? Was it limited by the speed of horses? Were they all on horses? I assume not since it would require too many horses. So did the horses move at the speed infantry can walk? This kind of detail is very important to understand the scale. It doesn't even have to be described in every battle and army movement, but maybe at least in important battles.
Refused to surrender and preferring to die in the service of Charles V. What a honorable act!
Castelnuovo for the spanish tercio, Camaron for the french foreign legion. Fought to the last man and gave hell to the enemies... That is how true legends starts - finest hours.
This proves beyond any reasonable doubt that the Spanish Tercios were the very best and bravest fighting unit of the 16th century.
Sarmiento sounds like a genius to be honest.
Sarmiento is a genius on defensive battle.
Hey Kings and Generals, please do a video about the Visigoths, I’d really appreciate it as reading it on Wikipedia or watching Kings and Generals do a documentary about it? Yeah, I’d choose Kings and Generals.
They should make a movie on Turkish-Hapsburg wars, it would be epic...
03:50 Ferdinand was Charles´ Brother, both were grandsons of HREmperor Maximilian I.. Charles` son was Phillip of Spain, whereas Ferdinand´s eldest was Maximilian II, who would succeed his Father Ferdinand as HREmperor, who in turn had succeeded his brother Charles V. in 1556.
Ferdinand was not the son of charles, but his brother
This channel deserves more!
Ottoman series are the best. Thx for making these great videos ^^
The Battle of Gorjani just hurts. XD R.I.P. for those Imperial men, and congrats and máximum respect for the Ottoman.
@Benji N Ottomans had armored units too like Qapıkulu spahis and serdengeçti janissaries. Ottoman tactics proved to be surperior during 14th century to 17th.
@Umar Ansari my respects once again.
As most people, Im a lil bias, and I want my ancestors to win as much as they can, but Im not blinded by it, enemy deserves recognition as well.
@Velkan I respect everyone who fight with honor whether Turk, Spanish, German, Austrian, Persian, French etc
Massive respect to you not many people appreciate their Opponents like you do
I also appreciate Spaniards as they gave tough fight to everyone they fought
@AtamanKa definitely :)
@Velkan Only a fool insults and disrespects acts of true bravery :)
A History channel finally featuring the Spanish Tercios, hooh-hah!
What the Spaniards did in the 16th and first half of the 17th centuries is unmatched in world history, except perhaps by the romans.
@ISMILIRDS IO The name of Spanish soldiers in America was Dragones de cuera...
Así es hermano, no ha existido una fuerza tan épica y duradera desde la mitad del XVII.
@Armin Cal the mexicas suffered diseases cause their great city Tenochtitlan was built next to a lake and the first rule of architecture in that times was never build a city near of a lake. After spaniards conquered the city, their engineers dried completely the lake from the city, with all the shitty technology of the time
@Nomadic Horseman There were Reconquista soldiers and mercenary in America too.
The aztects suffered more casualties to desease than to spaniards but still it was a big achivment
Can you do one on the Long Turkish War of the later 16th century and 17th century?
So many of the generals of the 30 Years War fought in it from Tilly, Wallenstein to a host of other famous imperial/ Protestant generals.
If was one of the last efforts of solidarity btw the Catholics and the Protestants before the horrors of the 17th century
A few year after 5 Spaniards managed to escape and get back to Spain! It would be a nice movie!
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE Y? Que pesado eres
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE pero los españoles eran los mejores,los británicos a su lado eran una caca pegada a un palo,chihuahua inglés ,te jode que españa tuviera la mejor infantería y Marina durante siglos,aprende historia chihuahua y cura esa envidia
@Saguntum-Iberian-Greek Konstantinopoli I am 100% agree with you bro.
More than 20 of them escaped
@Rubén Cuadros que grandes muchachos bravo
i must say, i am a little bit surprised about the many counterattacks of the Spaniards. How can a tercio be so mobile that it could work?
@john leber Thete were several armadas as big or bigger than 1588. They landed in Ireland, they also labded in Cornwall fought in Scotland...there were attacks on london, Southampton, Wigh, Plymouth, Cornwalles. As much as i respect the UK bravery it shocks me how deliberately ypu have been lied abput your own history when it comes to Spain, and only Spain. The fact that your official history diminishes our true power actually insults the bravery and glory of ypur soldiers who fough against us.
I have studied the histoey of UK quite well and lived in uk, and i respect both of us past snd bravery.
Sslute to the bravery and resilience of British fallen soldiers.
@Van Tom They learned mainly fighting agains berber moors for centuries before America was discovered. It was one of the best schools.
Its a tactics they learned from being a conquistadors dealing with Inca and other indian tribes
@Random Guy Lol, It is just the opposite. Everything you said is just the opposite. They worked much better as an open field unit because they were created for that. To maneuver in battles with pikes, arquebusers and muskets. Have you seen many pikes in sieges? Of course not, man. But they adapted to almost any type of combat. You could put them in ships like in Lepanto, where they crushed the Turks. You could put them on walls like in Castelnuovo or in Malta. Where they again crushed the Turks. The jenízaros were good, brave and disciplined, but he was a type of soldier who had become dated in the 16th century. It was the soldiers who took Constantinople and they had hardly evolved.
Learn. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercio
@Random Guy a tercio is a formation for,literally,open field, but whatever you said
Hey şanlı ordu hey şanli Asker 🇹🇷 and all the world ❤ selam from Turkey
Sabaton needs to make a song about this
Yes yes yes, I have been waiting for these video for so long , the next thing is the sabaton song
Spanish soilders were fighters dying in brave attitudes