Check out our new channel - Wizards and Warriors: kzclip.org/video/qWtdKOgjV3w/бейне.html This video has been also dubbed into Spanish using an artificial voice to increase accessibility. You can change the Audio track language in the Settings menu. Este video se ha doblado al español utilizando una voz artificial para aumentar su accesibilidad. Puede cambiar el idioma de la Pista de audio en el menú Configuración.
@William Young ...Ivan IV was not terrible, he was actually a very fair and loved Tsar, as many from both Poland and Sweden wanted to be ruled by him. He was villified because he would not allow serf's, {slaves}. That's why they had to murder his eldest son and villify him, so they could create a puppet government called the Romavov's, and soon after they had serf's.
For anyone who can't get the English track, streaming to TV with airplay defaults to Spanish with no option to change to English audio. It seems to work with Chromecast from Chrome & the YT but if you don't have that you have to mirror the whole screen to the TV with airplay to get English.
kings and general creators pls prepare chola empire documentary and also battle of Vijayala. and the vast navy and trade this empire had. The stone inscription on the big temple of Tanjore which shows how to administer and run a kingdom. It also shows the how the big temple was maintained and built. This Chola dynasty built the Angor vat temple and ruled Indonesia, Burma , Malaysia,cambodia Laos Vietnam Philippines from there capital Tajore in South of India using their navy
Relevant sources used for writing this video, for those interested in learning more about this topic. Ciocîltan, Virgil. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Translated by Samuel Willcocks. Leiden: Brill, 2012. Collins, Leslie. “On the alleged ‘destruction’ of the Great Horde in 1502.” in Manzikert to Lepanto: the Byzantine World and the Turks 1071-1571, A. Bryer and M. Ursinus (eds), 362-399. Amsterdam: Byzantinische Forschungen, 16 (1991). Galimov, T.R. and I.M. Mirgaleev. “The Interpretation of the ‘Great Stand on the Ugra River’ in 1480.” Golden Horde Review 7 no. 4 (2019): 652-662. Morgan, David. “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 19 no. 4 (2009): 427-437. Nedashkovskii, L.F. “Economy of the Golden Horde Population.” Anthropology & Archaeology of Eurasia 48 no. 2 (2009): 35-50. Vásáry, István. “The Crimean Khanate and the Great Horde (1440s-1500s): A Fight for Primacy.” 13-26 In the edited volume The Golden Horde in World History: A Multi-Authored Monograph (eds. Rafael Khakimov and Marie Favereau, 2017) Schamiloglu, Uli. “The Impact of the Black Death on the Golden Horde: Politics, Economy, Society, Civilisation.” 674-688. Mirgaleyev, Ilnur. “The Time of Troubles in the 1360s and 1370s.” 689-693. Mirgaleyev, Ilnur. “Attempts to Restore the Golden Horde at the End of the 14- Beginning fo the 15th Century.” 693-698. Reva, Roman. “Struggle for Power in the First Half of the 15th Century.” 699-723. Trepavlov, Vadim. “Factors and Peculiarities Contributing to the Disintegration of the Ulus of Jochi.” 724-730. Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Jochid Ulus in the 15-16th Centuries: the Inertia of Unity.” 730-737. Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Great Horde.” 737-747. Zaitsev, Ilya. “The Astrakhan Yurt.” 747-756 Gulevich, Vladislav. “Ulug Ulus (the Crimean Khanate).” 756-772. Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Manghit Yurt (the Nogai Horde).” 828-837. Gorsky, Anton. “Tatar-Russian Relations in the 15th Century.” 858-863. Zaitsev, Ilya. “Tatar-Russian Relations in the 16-18th Centuries.” 863-871.
@18:39 there was no "Azerbaijan" at that time while the Ottomans were in power, it was the Aq Qoyunlu followed by the Safavid empire. They never called themselves "Azerbaijan"
I wish you to make some videos about central asian part of postmongolic time. Long war between kazakhs and jungars. Sibir khanate and was in that time inside the horde. Expansion of the Manchurians. End of the jungars
As an adult, the Kings and generals videos get me just as excited as when I was a kid waiting on the latest “mail call” or “dogfights” newest episode. Thank you for all of the content
This is awesome, I was always looking forward to more Russian history but to learn about the empire management of the Golden Horde too is fantastic. We're so used to focusing on the formation of the Mongol empire and it's conquest that I've heard almost nothing about how it was ruled.
@AG TaNGrA The "staring contest" one wasn't a battle at all. It was, in fact, a staring contest, with two armies on different sides of the river standing there and waiting, until mongols decided that they didn't really feel like crossing the river and went back.
@cheng kuok Lee I know this is 6 months later. The Mongol empire failed just like all empires fail. All empires to stay in existence need to conquer new lands and populations in an expanding cycle to hold together the economy and rival factions (with tributes from the conquered) within the empire. When one faction becomes to strong or to weak civil War begins and decentralisation starts. Ultimately independence and new states are formed. A good example is the collapse of the western Roman empire and new city states which arose in Italy. Then to have independence from Austria, Spain and France. Italy had 3 wars of independence in the 1800s. Mongolia was isolated between the Russian empire and China hence Mongolia's present state land mass today.
And the sadest thing about the lack of historical interest on the Golden Horde is that this horde survived and was powerful in its region for longer than the "original" mongol empire, but the PR around it was never so strong.
If you're interested on why Casimir III did not join his ally in 1480: he was already in "pope wars" against Nicolas Tungen and his allies Teutonic knights. He sent a letter to khan with an explenation.
@2 Minute Hockey The answer is, they were fond of raiding the Polish Ukrainian lands, and take slaves jasyr... And often burning too... The exception was, some tribes were allied with Lithuania and Poland, and thus, there are still some descendants of these friendly tatars living in Poland...
@2 Minute Hockey "Why scourge? Tatars were nomads and assimilated more than Mongols no?" The brutality of the Mongols and all that attempted to follow in their footsteps is something to behold, even back then.
@Piotr Ale osłabił by pozycję Moskwy. Dla Rzeczpospolitej najlepsza była anarchia na wschodzie. Jak wiemy w ostatecznym rozrachunku Moskwa była groźniejsza od Tatarów, więc szkoda, że ci drudzy przegrali. Ale tutaj można nie winić królów Polski, za brak jasnowidzenia. Natomiast nie powinni pozwolić upaść Nowogrodowi.
Great video. As a Tatar myself I'm glad that you acknowledged that Golden Horde was full of cities and not just empty steppes with only roaming nomads.
@mark twain mongols NEVER invaded eastern, middle or any part of Europe OR any country. till 1991 they can thank Russians for building them gov building and train station, cz beside that they were lived in steppe with camels, in Urta aka huts, pretty much primitive life.
As always, this was a great episode. Thanks for all your great work! Human history is very important for all of us to know about, and therefore it should always be an interesting and enjoyable subject to study. Content like this really helps a lot in that regard. Man, I really wish I had easy access to great content like this when I was in school back in the early 90’s.
Thank you so much for covering this little-covered and little-understood chapter of history. I have spent the past year really trying to understand it, and I really appreciate videos like this. I would love to see more about the successor states of the Mongol Empire. Keep up the good work!
As a Bulgarian I find the Russo-Mongol series so exciting. Kings and Generals are the proper team to follow up on Moscovite expansion southwards with the eventual destruction of the Crimean Khanate.
A often forgotten factor in Moscows rise to power was the rule of Ivan I in the early 14th century, he haid gained favor with the Khan through the revolts by Tver, and he was able to reduce raids into the Moscow region, and also oversee taxation for the Khan instead of through the Baskak system. This allowed Ivan to fill Moscows treasury and Moscows security and wealth attracted both the Orthodox church, adding to Moscows prestige and legitimacy, and a large portion of nearby Boyars, increasing Moscows military power. Ivan was able to consolidate nearby lands under Moscow rule. Ivan I earned himself the nickname 'Kalita' meaning moneybags.
@Григорий Грачёв The old meaning of the word "terrible" isn't "bad" either. It wasn't the best translation, but back then it was a good enough translation nonetheless. IMO, It was implied that since Грозный means that he грозит his enemies, which basically means instilling fear, they translated that as Terrible - the one who terrifies his enemies. They probably didn't choose "fearsome" since "Grozniy" is also thunder-like, thus making the word terror more suitable than fear. Again, that's just my thoughts on their reasoning behind that translation, the only factual thing I know for sure is that Terrible can have a meaning of inflicting terror.
@Concept none, because "The Terrible" is a mistranslation. Grozniy does not mean Terrible, because Terrible has meaning of "bad". Grozniy does not, as you can notice from capital of Chechnya region, Grozniy, city that grew around russian fort. Grozniy has meaning of might and intimidation.
This video didn't mention him, I almost never hear him mentioned, the Age of empires 4 campaign on Moscow also didn't mention him. The only reason I know he exists is cause my Russian lecturer mentioned him, even then it was obscure and he didn't go into much detail. Most people tend to focus on Ivan III and Dimitri. Just my experience tho.
Great video as always. I would love a video on medieval Lithuania, there are some great battles and wars. The whole country was based on a so called "war economy".
While editing a few Wikipedia articles I came across the little known fact that the trade routes across the steppe had dried up with the decline of the mongols, and that the arab expansion blocked the east asia trade routes as well with massive taxes on goods. As such China was seen as the golden land and the west european kingdoms started into investing into marine expeditions to get around the blocked land routes - eventually leading to the Age of Discovery. // It did basically start off when the Reconquista (as it was later known) reached the southern parts of Iberia and with the defeat the marroccan sultan in 1340 they could establish direct trade routes with Africa. This led to ships getting better and bigger over time to reach lands more far away up until the european powers reached southern China in 1513 in Tamão. While not in direct contact, the turmoils in the steppe had a dramatic economic impact that would change the world forever.
@Kevin Hilde I think he is saying not a lot of people know the politics that caused Europe to sail west. It's usually just taught that they started ti sail around Africa for spices without the silk road politics really ever being talked about.
Little known fact? Little known to who? It was the entire reason the Portuguese sailed around Africa, and the entire reason Columbus tried sailing west. Jesus.
Popularly called The Golden Horde, the domains of the heirs of Jochi were not known by that name. The term ‘Golden Horde’ does not enter the sources until the sixteenth century, when Russian chroniclers referred to the domains as Zolotaia Orda, the Golden Camp or Palace.¹ During the Mongol era, they were known as the Kipchak Ulus or Khanate or the Jochid Ulus or Khanate. The Kipchak Khanate appellation came later and was a substitution for the Dasht-i Kipchak, or the Kipchak Steppes. May, Timothy. “The Jochid Ulus or Golden Horde.” The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh University Press, 2018, pp. 280-314,
This portion of history fascinates me - with the Mongols and different hordes, Tamerlane, how far their lands stretched, the effect they had on culture and genetics, how some of them converted to Islam, etc.. I guess I know some about this period but what knowledge I have would be over Europe - so I guess I'm extra fascinated because I know less about this than other historical subjects - not _nothing_ - I'm pretty good with history - I just know less specifically about this time and place.
For us older American folks, part of that is because when we learned Russian history in school it was mostly about the Soviet Union and a little bit about some of the more famous czars. When Central Asia was part of the Soviet Union it didn't exist. To us they were Russians. In our defense we didn't have Wikipedia or KZclip.
1. Standing on the Ugra river was never about a bloody battle. It was rather showcase of Russian dominance in technologies because "gazing" is a consequence of the lack of self-confidence of the Khan of Kazan. Ivan's general Kholmsky intentionally didn't begin offensive due to experience of tatar warfare after two centuries of yoke. So, he decided to stand and prevent any big clashes between armies that would lead to false retreat strategy. Even Ivan the third himself was initially pissed of such tactics but recognized his success when he saw the results. Battle of kulikovo field is more proper example of classic medieval battle in this case but we can't deny the importance of the standing because it led to the reconquering of the horde's leftovers. 2. Ivan really finished the yoke, because Russian princes and later Tsars never talked to the tatars as before. Even payments to the Crimean tatars were more like a raid prevention than real yoke.
Alexey Belyakov The Saar invasion is another noteworthy example of a battle that doesnt contain any fighting but changed the world. If the French actually went on the offensive during that invasion, they could’ve possibly weakened Nazi Germany and delay WW2 from escalating further. However, since the french were unwilling to fight Germany without Britain’s support and look like an aggressor, they pulled out of the invasion and inadvertently allowed the Wehrmacht to grow stronger without resistance. Later, the Germans would invade the French through the Ardennes the next year.
it is important to note, that Casimir didn`t help Ahmad because of crimean tatars raiding Lithuania, Ivan allied with them for the sole purpose of not letting his 2 enemies to unite also I would like to add that Devlet Giray didn`t burn Moscow cuz of walls too hard for him to assault, but Moscow indeed was burning that year because of extremely hot summer and these 2 events coincided. Nevetheless, that raid was estimated by the contemprories to get 200k russian people enslaved
Hi, i like the series prepared by the channel. Just one correction in this video, the portrait you used for Syed Ahmed is of Sir Syed Ahmed from 1880s, Sir Syed Ahmed was from sub continent
I love this channel , I'd love to see videos on these individual people's and nations weapons or tools that are inherently there own . For example Finland and puukkos or the people of Siberia and the yakut knife these could be used not only as a weapon but as tools aswell .
I think this is the only video and series of this kind on KZclip. Hardly any videos of the Mongols losing their empire exist, besides the one made by Epimetheus. Thanks for this content, friend.
Amazing video as always K&G! 💗 A correction though, at 12:17 you have put the portrait of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a reformer in Indo-Pak for Muslim India in the 19th century as reference, instead of the horde's Syed Ahmed. Cheers
Can y’all do a video on the Zanj rebellion And/or the collapse of the oyo empire and rise of the sokoto caliphate in Nigeria? They’re both really interesting stories.
I start to think that the biggest problem for a dynasty is having too many princes. The Ottoman almost has it right, only if they hold off on killing those losing princes until the Sultans had a couple boys.
@TheForsakeen - 1. _"They pretty much confirmed what I have been saying about the trade imbalance"_ I just check them myself, and I find no mention about this trade imbalance. There's list of expensive and exotic goods from both sides there, but little evidence about Rome/Europe suffer massive drain of silver for centuries to buy those exotic goods. In fact, they mention goods from Roman Empire (Europe and Middle East) found in places as far as Vietnam and China. 2. _"You really think traders from the other side of the world could just outproduce the native in local products when all they had were some fez ports and some small stipe of lands? .. (furthermore) the natives were helped by state protectionism"_ Not "outproduce", but *outcompete.* Like how Germany can't compete with China in car production, yet German cars are highly desirable in Chinese market. This doesn't mean Chinese cars are undesirable, it's just German high-end brands dominate the (high-margin) luxury segment in China, allowing Germany to maintain rather healthy trade balance with China (compared to US-China trade relation). China has been manufacturing domestic opium for centuries before EIC bring their opium into Chinese market. However, EIC's quickly dominate the market because they were more potent than the domestic variants. On the other hand, certain region in India (then under British rule) has been growing tea for centuries, but British consumers prefer Chinese tea anyway (IIRC due to Indian variant had higher salinity, which doesn't suit British palate). 3. _"they started to trade in opium, illegally seize lands, taxe the people, make massive use of slavery, discourage local manufacture and impose unequal treaties"_ Let me explain how European companies gradually take over many Asian countries: First of all, the relationship between the Europeans and the Asian countries had been *one sided* from the get go. Europeans can intervene in the local affairs, but the local people had near-zero influence on European politics. Europeans can project their power to Asia, but Asian states generally had no means to project power to Europe (except Ottoman Empire ofc). In each of these Asian country (as in anywhere else), there were multiple competing stakeholders. From local political factions to foreign "interest groups", like Arab traders (which were very influential in certain region), as well as various trading companies from different European nations. These interest groups compete with each other, each support different factions, usually in return for various trading concession. It was win-win relationship, till one of the local faction won the power struggle. They then tried to rescind all those concession, which often led to conflict with their former supporters. These former supporters then switch sides and support another faction, so on and so forth. However, from late 17th century onward, this status quo begin to change with the Europeans gaining *technological supremacy* (i.e. vastly superior ships, better military organization, logistics, fortification, etc). European companies increasingly able to directly compete against local political factions for outright political domination despite their numerical disadvantage. Local political factions gradually come to term with the advent of the Europeans. Many choose to *collaborate,* adopting European culture and lifestyle, to the point they voluntarily send their children to study in Europe. In the end, European technological superiority allow them to conquer huge swathe of land, but it was the support from these local collaborators that allow Europeans to rule their colonies. -- As for "discourage local manufacture", it was *NOT* the case (at least not always). European elites invested heavily in the foreign market, like in Japan (post Meiji restoration) and China (post Opium war), as well as in Russia, Canada, and United States. Even in centuries old rival, like Ottoman Empire (e.g. financing the construction of Suez canal and Turkish railway). Also in South America, Iran, and the Middle East. As far as I know, India is the only major former colony who accused Europeans (i.e. Britain) of *purposely* stifling its growth. Which I guess is not entirely groundless, since India indeed lagged behind other colonies (e.g. Canada, Australia, South Africa, Egypt, Malaya/Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc).
@TheForsakeen - 1. What Pliny said is similar to what in the letter/memorial written by Imperial ministers to Daoguang Emperor about Opium trade. A total hysteria about Opium trade getting out of control, and millions upon millions of precious silver talents leaving Chinese economy to pay for this accursed drugs. Well, it wasn't entirely groundless, as Lin Zexu seized tons of opium, valued at a million pound of gold and trigger the Opium War. However, even if Lin Zexu's China and Pliny's Rome indeed suffered such crushing trade deficit, it was *temporary* in the grand scale of thing, and does *NOT* mean Roman or Chinese goods were "unwanted". Whether then, or in our own time today (i.e. America suffered massive trade deficit to China, especially in the last 15 years), they are *NOT* permanent. Soon the market will return to *equilibrium,* as it always does. As simple as that. You can Google "Indian ocean trade during Roman time", there's plenty evidence about the trade between all these great empires, with goods from China, India, Egypt/Middle East, and Europe. "Silk road" did not flow in one direction. 2. "Postal system" exist since ancient time (e.g. postal service from Susa to Sardis in ancient Iran/Persia), but the modern postal system with post office, postmark, stamps, etc was first invented/founded in 17th century England. This, in itself, might grant but a slight edge to overall productivity and commercial efficiency, but other improvements on many different sectors accumulated into clear superiority over their Asian rivals. Again, just use your common sense, how exactly EIC or VOC start trading and soon begin to dominate local market if they had no advantage? Do you think English and Dutch traders work harder, or inherently better negotiator, or what? Even if they do, that doesn't explain how they overcome massive disparity of power in the local market they operated. European merchants simply had better financial knowledge, access to novel institutions which allow them to raise more money, and captive market exclusive to them (i.e. European and American market), alongside *superior technology.*
@TheForsakeen - 1. _"what metrics are you using?"_ 1.1. Economy Modern fiscal policies, modern economic system (the rest of the world practice feudalism/mercantilism since ancient time, when the West experimented with capitalism and socialism), modern financial institutions (e.g. central bank, stock exchange, chartered and public company, etc) when the rest of the world dominated by clan-based trading firm (e.g. in the middle east, China, and India), modern economic concept (division of labor, free market, etc). Interest rate in the West was much lower due to all these measures (e.g. in 1800, avg interest rate in Qing China was ~60%, while in the Netherlands was ~20%), this in turn allowed Western corporations to raise more money and outcompete local trading firms. Qing and Mughal GDP were larger than many European nations' GDP simply because they had much larger population. However, vast majority of that huge population work on subsistence farming. On the other hand, higher percentage of European people were artisans, specialists, and industrial workers (thus generate much higher GDP per capita). 1.2. Military Better metallurgy (means better military equipment), higher level of standardization, better military organization (while Qing relied on obsolete "Banner system", Mughal Empire and Ottoman Empire relied on feudal system). You can Google how the Mughals, the Turks, the Egyptians, the Japanese, etc recruited European officers to modernize their military. Just look at modern military organization/structure, they all using Western structure and convention. Nobody recruit slave-soldiers (e.g. Janissary), feudal levies (e.g. pre-industrial Japan), or using Qing "Bannermen" (practically "military caste") system. 1.3. Science In the field of Astronomy, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, etc, the West was flat out superior. Nobody came close. Just like Cai Lun (inventor of Chinese papermaking process) in 2nd century AD, and Al-Kwarizmi (author of Algebra) in 9th century AD left their brilliant legacy, showcasing the superiority of their respective civilization, so too Galileo, Newton, Pascal, Lavoisier, Curie, Pasteur, Volta, Watt, Marconi, Bell, Edison, Tesla, Einstein, etc left their mark in world history between 16th to 19th century AD, showcasing the superiority of "Western" civilization. 2. _"what of china or the US today compared to everyone else? china alone produce more steel than the rest of the world combined and their economy is still outgrowing the rest."_ Simple: USA and China are the current world *superpowers.* First of all, USA (and Russia) could reduce any country on Earth into *radioactive wasteland* within 90 minutes or so. This, in itself should be enough to explain why USA deserve the title of superpower. If we're talking about conventional military, US Navy dominates world oceans and able to cut world shipping lanes *at will* (thus creating global economic chaos). And even if everyone else combine their navy to challenge US Navy, US Navy still outgun them all. The gap between these superpowers and everyone else is so *immense.* Kinda similar to how Qing dynasty unknowingly walk into a war (First Opium War) against the mighty British empire, the mid 19th century world superpower. Or how Central Asian states murdered Mongol envoys, and disrespect the great Khan without any knowledge about the unstoppable might of the Mongol armies. 3. About language Whatever the case, that show the superiority of Western cultural legacy over Mongolian one. The Mongols adopted Chinese, Persian, and Arabic culture, while the West forced Chinese, Persian, and Arabic culture to adopt Western culture into theirs.
We need a more in depth video on Lithuanian history from going from near extinction at the hands of Germanic crusaders to becoming one of the largest countries in Europe
Small correction: You have got wrong Ahmed Khan picture... Actually you got sir Syed Ahmed Agha Khan, who founded Aligarh Muslim University India. Nevertheless, you are doing brilliant job 👏
so many civilizations and stories! It's so good that now we are in the 21th century and we don't not need to worry 'bout some evil nation or coorporation claiming our lives and territories! I'm feeling very safe and happy with all the progress we are making together working in cooperation and harmony! Since now we can see and hear all the goods (and bads) that happens all around it's much easier to everyone be updated and see the true scale of our civilization. Nice!
An informative video thank you. However, was not the eastern border of Finland very little recognized in practice at the time? The border you've marked was the first official border of Finland but only from 1626. I mean, my understanding is that either Mongols or at least some of their direct descendants settled in Finland too.
Will you make a video about the battle of molodi 1572 ? It was indeed a fateful battle for Russia, and some compare it to the battle of Moscow in 1941.
I really love the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire and it's successors. The world was at their finger tips, but they always end up killing each other for power. tsk
Always over succession, they never did figure out how to hand power off to the next leader without a total mess (to be fair, many other civilizations have failed in this regard).
I hope when next video about rus' history will be uploaded they pay attention to Ivan the first "Kalita", whose biography and his rivalry with Mikhail Of Tver is an interesting topic to tell about
Tribute and tributary states are medieval elements different from those that - like vassalage - shaped the western Europe, and should be seen as alternative to those. By no means did tribute mean occupation and full integration to an empire or kingdom, on the contrary, being able to pay tribute was a grant of independence, which meant staying able to wage future war. The power of the tributary state varied considerably over time and sometimes in opposite directions (which explains why Russian, Moldavian or Wallachian states could be tributary, then stop paying tribute, but after beating their masters in war start paying tribute again). Tribute had a high diplomatic and political significance too, the result of a balance of power in which both parties could interpret things in their own favor, by both avoiding war and being able to prepare for it - the stronger party saving face in spite of not fully enforcing its control - the weaker party keeping or even increasing its independence, or at least keeping hope.
Unlike what some people think, the Mongols did know how to rule, when they weren't at each others' throats. The outbreak of Black Death, and coming of Little Ice Age were very untimely events.
mongols never ruled before, Stalin gave them Russian land, Russians alphabet was active till 1991, even today they are not ruling their country, westerners are
Given all of this why don't Muscovy or at least some of the Rus princes start as tributaries of the Great Horde in EU4? I know it's a game but tributary status wouldn't be that hard for a player to get out of and it would more closely reflect the reality of 1444. I haven't played EU4 in a while so I might have outdated information.
I believe the image used for Sayid Ahmed at 12:20 is actually a picture of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, who was a 19th-century writer and philosopher born in Delhi during the British Raj, and not a khan of the Golden Horde lol
Lithuanian kingdom with Rus warriors from Kyiv and Volynia has fought the mongols, at 1321 they captured Kyiv, and at 1362 they fought the mongols and captured the south, where they found fortress Kochubiev, which then became Odessa
12:11 The Sayed Ahmed photo you have taken appears same as that of India, although his full name is Syed Ahmed Khan, the cap used on his skull has been used by a section of Indians, esp. among the Muslims, such caps have also been used by Turks although. Maybe you got confused with the khans only being from central Asia, they are spread till Indian sub-continent and are a big tribe among the Indian Sub-Continents Muslims.
The only game I can think of that covers this time period is Age of Empires 4, they cover a good chunk of the downfall of the Mongols in Russia and also the initial Mongolian conquest of Russia.
Europa Universalis 4 covers the last parts after the breakup of the Golden Horde. You can play as one of the khanates and reverse the decline, or conquer them all as Russia.
Fun fact: the egyptian military defeated the Mongols twice. It started when the Mongols sent 3 messengers to Cairo demanding the egyptians surrender to Mongol rule or get destroyed. Egypt was ruled by the mamluks. They were child/soldier slaves who grew powerful enough to rule Egypt themselves. Well, the egyptians grabbed the messengers and cut them in half at the waist. The Mongols were then defeated and Egypt stopped the Mongol expansion into North Africa.
You know how it is. You set down a piece of Asia, you start to do something else, you get distracted, then you're sidetracked on something else, and the next thing you know you've lost Russia and can't find it for at least half an hour. And it's always the last place you look, between China and Finland, right where you put it.
Many states and peoples Russians conquered simply had inferior armies. Russian army, while far from the most advanced European armies of the time, still had superior firepower which is artillery and musquets/arquebuses and engineers to those of the descendants of the Golden Horde who still largely relied on horse archers and traditional nomad tactics. You can see it on the painting depicting Yermak's cossacks crossing a river and firing at the warriors of the Sibir Khanate armed with bows.
Not quite related to the Golden Horde. It becamse such because they conquered lands and/or made alliances. Well basically it was like this - you encounter a tribe or a group of people and they either join you or perish. So most joined thats how you have more than 160 different ethnic groups there now. Thats all. There wasnt any large nations there at the time so it was more about getting them all come together under one banner more than beating up your neighbors like it was in europe
@KIRILL nu belarusa ukrainca mozesh nazvat russy rusych rusyny ili russkij (tolko s miagkim znakom) no ne russkij,rosijanin,kak b podelilis na tri naroda drevnyje russy,VKL v etom silno pomogla navernoje...
@Kestutis Samogitian 'Русские люди' иди просто 'русские' также тут себя называли, ещё со времен Руси кстати. В общем по разному себя называли, но корень 'рус' (и позже 'рос') всегда присутствовал. Потом уже ближе к нашим дням 'русские' и 'россияне' полностю вытиснили всяких 'русичий', 'русаков' и т.д.
@Kestutis Samogitian На французом писал, что люди в Москве называют себя "Russac". Здесь люди никогда не называли себя "московитами", это чисто иностранный термин. Называли себя русские люди, русичи, русаки. Тот же Андрей Лызлов в 17 веке писал о россиянах, россиянцах. Ещё до Петра
Lol guys, the picture you used for "Sayid Ahmad" is that of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan of India...the guy who established the Aligarh Muslim University during the British Raj 😁
Why taimur lane is less popular than other generals , truth is that he was greatest general in world history. He defeated ottoman, mamluk, illknate, golden horde in rus,Delhi sultanate in India , chagatia khanate and going to war with yhun dynasty but died on Champaign
@Michael Davis crocodiles li Ed in same period as Dinosaurs. But there are many periods in history not just Jurassic. Crocs have been there from the start. Oldest living species on earth. Really large ones were known crocodilians they were more aquatic than our crocodiles of today. Even crocs have evolved . Some could swim like a fish through water with monstrous longated jaws others resembled our crocs. History brings wonder into life and those crocs let’s just say brought more adventure than other fish, mammals ever wanted to experience.
@Ampeer Prime God, did you just claim Mammoths existed at the same time as dinosaurs. Unless you count crocodiles and birds as dinosaurs, in which case we are still in the dinosaur era.
@Ampeer Prime the non-avian dinosaurs died out millions of years before the first mammorths came along. Mammoths are believed to have first appeared between 10 and 5 million years ago (closer to 5) whilst the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.
Yeah that shocked me too, I was like: "what the Ottoman do dhere!?" 😂 Yet, the Pyramids were built when there were Mammoths still alive, the Mammoths being the last of the dinosaur era to go. PepeLaugh
12:16 Shows picture of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was key figure in Indian independence. I think there has been a mistake due to similarity in names. Why are you showing Nicea at the start and not Eastern Roman Empire?
@Extrovert ;) That hat was later ottomon invention The Mongols Tatars kipchaks at the time never wore that thing but some muslim politicians from Subcontinent
Attention: the picture you placed for syed ahmed is actually of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was muslim leader in british india in 19 century. YOUR COMMENTARY IS GREAT BTW👏👏👏
Thank you for the video. Nice watch... However, I think the image of Syed Ahmed used at 12:20 is probably an image of 19th century Indian educationist Syed Ahmed, and not the central asian ruler you are referring to.
Thank you for the free available high quality content. Yet i have a question, is this russian history spam over the last year something you do to imply something politically? Thanks.
you sort of skipped over the actual russian conquest of horde territories at the end. i'd be interested to know why it was the Run who picked off the weak Horde states, rather than China.
Check out our new channel - Wizards and Warriors: kzclip.org/video/qWtdKOgjV3w/бейне.html
This video has been also dubbed into Spanish using an artificial voice to increase accessibility. You can change the Audio track language in the Settings menu. Este video se ha doblado al español utilizando una voz artificial para aumentar su accesibilidad. Puede cambiar el idioma de la Pista de audio en el menú Configuración.
@William Young ...Ivan IV was not terrible, he was actually a very fair and loved Tsar, as many from both Poland and Sweden wanted to be ruled by him. He was villified because he would not allow serf's, {slaves}. That's why they had to murder his eldest son and villify him, so they could create a puppet government called the Romavov's, and soon after they had serf's.
This channel is just producing entertainment, not meaningful history.
For anyone who can't get the English track, streaming to TV with airplay defaults to Spanish with no option to change to English audio. It seems to work with Chromecast from Chrome & the YT but if you don't have that you have to mirror the whole screen to the TV with airplay to get English.
kings and general creators pls prepare chola empire documentary and also battle of Vijayala. and the vast navy and trade this empire had. The stone inscription on the big temple of Tanjore which shows how to administer and run a kingdom. It also shows the how the big temple was maintained and built. This Chola dynasty built the Angor vat temple and ruled Indonesia, Burma , Malaysia,cambodia Laos Vietnam Philippines from there capital Tajore in South of India using their navy
Relevant sources used for writing this video, for those interested in learning more about this topic.
Ciocîltan, Virgil. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Translated by Samuel Willcocks. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Collins, Leslie. “On the alleged ‘destruction’ of the Great Horde in 1502.” in Manzikert to Lepanto: the Byzantine World and the Turks 1071-1571,
A. Bryer and M. Ursinus (eds), 362-399. Amsterdam: Byzantinische Forschungen, 16 (1991).
Galimov, T.R. and I.M. Mirgaleev. “The Interpretation of the ‘Great Stand on the Ugra River’ in 1480.” Golden Horde Review 7 no. 4 (2019): 652-662.
Morgan, David. “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 19 no. 4 (2009): 427-437.
Nedashkovskii, L.F. “Economy of the Golden Horde Population.” Anthropology & Archaeology of Eurasia 48 no. 2 (2009): 35-50.
Vásáry, István. “The Crimean Khanate and the Great Horde (1440s-1500s): A Fight for Primacy.” 13-26
In the edited volume The Golden Horde in World History: A Multi-Authored Monograph (eds. Rafael Khakimov and Marie Favereau, 2017)
Schamiloglu, Uli. “The Impact of the Black Death on the Golden Horde: Politics, Economy, Society, Civilisation.” 674-688.
Mirgaleyev, Ilnur. “The Time of Troubles in the 1360s and 1370s.” 689-693.
Mirgaleyev, Ilnur. “Attempts to Restore the Golden Horde at the End of the 14- Beginning fo the 15th Century.” 693-698.
Reva, Roman. “Struggle for Power in the First Half of the 15th Century.” 699-723.
Trepavlov, Vadim. “Factors and Peculiarities Contributing to the Disintegration of the Ulus of Jochi.” 724-730.
Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Jochid Ulus in the 15-16th Centuries: the Inertia of Unity.” 730-737.
Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Great Horde.” 737-747.
Zaitsev, Ilya. “The Astrakhan Yurt.” 747-756
Gulevich, Vladislav. “Ulug Ulus (the Crimean Khanate).” 756-772.
Trepavlov, Vadim. “The Manghit Yurt (the Nogai Horde).” 828-837.
Gorsky, Anton. “Tatar-Russian Relations in the 15th Century.” 858-863.
Zaitsev, Ilya. “Tatar-Russian Relations in the 16-18th Centuries.” 863-871.
This should have been pinned...
@18:39 there was no "Azerbaijan" at that time while the Ottomans were in power, it was the Aq Qoyunlu followed by the Safavid empire. They never called themselves "Azerbaijan"
You used wrong picture of Syed Ahmed Khan from India
I wish you to make some videos about central asian part of postmongolic time. Long war between kazakhs and jungars. Sibir khanate and was in that time inside the horde. Expansion of the Manchurians. End of the jungars
Thank you, I wish you would do this for all your videos
As an adult, the Kings and generals videos get me just as excited as when I was a kid waiting on the latest “mail call” or “dogfights” newest episode. Thank you for all of the content
Dogfights did indeed, punk rock.
@Johnny Wallen Goddamn you just described my childhood right there,shit am I that old?😂
Honestly nowadays the content creators put out much better quality information and content than History channel or other related channels
Bro yesss frfr 😂
Right ?!!!
This is awesome, I was always looking forward to more Russian history but to learn about the empire management of the Golden Horde too is fantastic. We're so used to focusing on the formation of the Mongol empire and it's conquest that I've heard almost nothing about how it was ruled.
@AG TaNGrA The "staring contest" one wasn't a battle at all. It was, in fact, a staring contest, with two armies on different sides of the river standing there and waiting, until mongols decided that they didn't really feel like crossing the river and went back.
Dude golden horde is russia. You are learning of Ruś (Rusyn people) history.
@cheng kuok Lee I know this is 6 months later.
The Mongol empire failed just like all empires fail. All empires to stay in existence need to conquer new lands and populations in an expanding cycle to hold together the economy and rival factions (with tributes from the conquered) within the empire. When one faction becomes to strong or to weak civil War begins and decentralisation starts. Ultimately independence and new states are formed.
A good example is the collapse of the western Roman empire and new city states which arose in Italy. Then to have independence from Austria, Spain and France. Italy had 3 wars of independence in the 1800s. Mongolia was isolated between the Russian empire and China hence Mongolia's present state land mass today.
And the sadest thing about the lack of historical interest on the Golden Horde is that this horde survived and was powerful in its region for longer than the "original" mongol empire, but the PR around it was never so strong.
If you're interested on why Casimir III did not join his ally in 1480: he was already in "pope wars" against Nicolas Tungen and his allies Teutonic knights. He sent a letter to khan with an explenation.
@2 Minute Hockey The answer is, they were fond of raiding the Polish Ukrainian lands, and take slaves jasyr... And often burning too... The exception was, some tribes were allied with Lithuania and Poland, and thus, there are still some descendants of these friendly tatars living in Poland...
Casimir III was polish and died years prior. Casimir IV was Lithuanian of Gediminds descent
@2 Minute Hockey "Why scourge? Tatars were nomads and assimilated more than Mongols no?"
The brutality of the Mongols and all that attempted to follow in their footsteps is something to behold, even back then.
@Piotr Ale osłabił by pozycję Moskwy. Dla Rzeczpospolitej najlepsza była anarchia na wschodzie. Jak wiemy w ostatecznym rozrachunku Moskwa była groźniejsza od Tatarów, więc szkoda, że ci drudzy przegrali.
Ale tutaj można nie winić królów Polski, za brak jasnowidzenia. Natomiast nie powinni pozwolić upaść Nowogrodowi.
Great video. As a Tatar myself I'm glad that you acknowledged that Golden Horde was full of cities and not just empty steppes with only roaming nomads.
Tatars a great for chasing down archers. They don't cost much for mercanaries.
@ Ok mongols allied with tatars invaded Hungary and Poland under Batu Han .
@mark twain mongols NEVER invaded eastern, middle or any part of Europe OR any country. till 1991 they can thank Russians for building them gov building and train station, cz beside that they were lived in steppe with camels, in Urta aka huts, pretty much primitive life.
@G1 Y3 Kazakhstan never been "country or existed before Stalin , It was Kazak Stan aka Ataman aka Ottaman Cossacks empire for long time)
As always, this was a great episode. Thanks for all your great work! Human history is very important for all of us to know about, and therefore it should always be an interesting and enjoyable subject to study. Content like this really helps a lot in that regard. Man, I really wish I had easy access to great content like this when I was in school back in the early 90’s.
Thank you so much for covering this little-covered and little-understood chapter of history. I have spent the past year really trying to understand it, and I really appreciate videos like this. I would love to see more about the successor states of the Mongol Empire. Keep up the good work!
As a Bulgarian I find the Russo-Mongol series so exciting. Kings and Generals are the proper team to follow up on Moscovite expansion southwards with the eventual destruction of the Crimean Khanate.
@Ljubenkovic Consulting please, try to show us the map of "russia" till 1721...
@Wlad Jarosz "there was no Russia in 1721" of Peter the Great! 🤣🤣🤣 There certainly was no Ukraine, all right!
there was no russia till 1721!
Ukraine is a former Rus and the former Moscovy now is called terrorussia!
Really nice episode guys! Gosh, I hope you have a podcast where we could listen to weekly episodes on the Golden Horde right now!
@The Jackmeister: Mongol History thank you for all you do for the King and Generals podcast
@The Jackmeister: Mongol Historyplease do on alahudin khijili vs mongols
@Kings and Generals sikh empire please,
@Kings and Generals golly that looks swell. Going to subscribe, leave a 5 star review and share this with my pals right away
A often forgotten factor in Moscows rise to power was the rule of Ivan I in the early 14th century, he haid gained favor with the Khan through the revolts by Tver, and he was able to reduce raids into the Moscow region, and also oversee taxation for the Khan instead of through the Baskak system. This allowed Ivan to fill Moscows treasury and Moscows security and wealth attracted both the Orthodox church, adding to Moscows prestige and legitimacy, and a large portion of nearby Boyars, increasing Moscows military power. Ivan was able to consolidate nearby lands under Moscow rule. Ivan I earned himself the nickname 'Kalita' meaning moneybags.
@Григорий Грачёв The old meaning of the word "terrible" isn't "bad" either. It wasn't the best translation, but back then it was a good enough translation nonetheless. IMO, It was implied that since Грозный means that he грозит his enemies, which basically means instilling fear, they translated that as Terrible - the one who terrifies his enemies. They probably didn't choose "fearsome" since "Grozniy" is also thunder-like, thus making the word terror more suitable than fear.
Again, that's just my thoughts on their reasoning behind that translation, the only factual thing I know for sure is that Terrible can have a meaning of inflicting terror.
@Григорий Грачёв I see
@Concept none, because "The Terrible" is a mistranslation. Grozniy does not mean Terrible, because Terrible has meaning of "bad". Grozniy does not, as you can notice from capital of Chechnya region, Grozniy, city that grew around russian fort.
Grozniy has meaning of might and intimidation.
@Kronos Wait so which Ivan was "the terrible"?
Edit: Nvm K&G said it was Ivan IV.
This video didn't mention him, I almost never hear him mentioned, the Age of empires 4 campaign on Moscow also didn't mention him. The only reason I know he exists is cause my Russian lecturer mentioned him, even then it was obscure and he didn't go into much detail. Most people tend to focus on Ivan III and Dimitri. Just my experience tho.
Great video as always. I would love a video on medieval Lithuania, there are some great battles and wars. The whole country was based on a so called "war economy".
While editing a few Wikipedia articles I came across the little known fact that the trade routes across the steppe had dried up with the decline of the mongols, and that the arab expansion blocked the east asia trade routes as well with massive taxes on goods. As such China was seen as the golden land and the west european kingdoms started into investing into marine expeditions to get around the blocked land routes - eventually leading to the Age of Discovery. //
It did basically start off when the Reconquista (as it was later known) reached the southern parts of Iberia and with the defeat the marroccan sultan in 1340 they could establish direct trade routes with Africa. This led to ships getting better and bigger over time to reach lands more far away up until the european powers reached southern China in 1513 in Tamão. While not in direct contact, the turmoils in the steppe had a dramatic economic impact that would change the world forever.
Arab expansion? What Arab expansion?
@Kevin Hilde I think he is saying not a lot of people know the politics that caused Europe to sail west. It's usually just taught that they started ti sail around Africa for spices without the silk road politics really ever being talked about.
Little known fact? Little known to who? It was the entire reason the Portuguese sailed around Africa, and the entire reason Columbus tried sailing west. Jesus.
I feel like you guys are playing through the Age of Empires 3 campaign with the content releases! Great work as always!
Popularly called The Golden Horde, the domains of the heirs of Jochi were not known by that name. The term ‘Golden Horde’ does not enter the sources until the sixteenth century, when Russian chroniclers referred to the domains as Zolotaia Orda, the Golden Camp or Palace.¹ During the Mongol era, they were known as the Kipchak Ulus or Khanate or the Jochid Ulus or Khanate. The Kipchak Khanate appellation came later and was a substitution for the Dasht-i Kipchak, or the Kipchak Steppes.
May, Timothy. “The Jochid Ulus or Golden Horde.” The Mongol Empire, Edinburgh University Press, 2018, pp. 280-314,
@Husky Fan in Mass I had the exact same q?
Guns and horses dont mix.
@AV 57 It's a copy/paste. If it was in the original script then it will be copied to the comment
Does that also apply to the Blue and White Hordes?
This portion of history fascinates me - with the Mongols and different hordes, Tamerlane, how far their lands stretched, the effect they had on culture and genetics, how some of them converted to Islam, etc.. I guess I know some about this period but what knowledge I have would be over Europe - so I guess I'm extra fascinated because I know less about this than other historical subjects - not _nothing_ - I'm pretty good with history - I just know less specifically about this time and place.
@Sadiq Rahman but the ones who became Muslims have ceased to exists as a people. Only the Buddhist Mongols remain as Mongols.
For us older American folks, part of that is because when we learned Russian history in school it was mostly about the Soviet Union and a little bit about some of the more famous czars.
When Central Asia was part of the Soviet Union it didn't exist. To us they were Russians.
In our defense we didn't have Wikipedia or KZclip.
most converted to Islam. Out of the 4 succeeding states of the Mongols, 3 of them became Muslims
I really truly love this channel. You guys have amazing production.
1. Standing on the Ugra river was never about a bloody battle. It was rather showcase of Russian dominance in technologies because "gazing" is a consequence of the lack of self-confidence of the Khan of Kazan. Ivan's general Kholmsky intentionally didn't begin offensive due to experience of tatar warfare after two centuries of yoke. So, he decided to stand and prevent any big clashes between armies that would lead to false retreat strategy. Even Ivan the third himself was initially pissed of such tactics but recognized his success when he saw the results.
Battle of kulikovo field is more proper example of classic medieval battle in this case but we can't deny the importance of the standing because it led to the reconquering of the horde's leftovers.
2. Ivan really finished the yoke, because Russian princes and later Tsars never talked to the tatars as before. Even payments to the Crimean tatars were more like a raid prevention than real yoke.
@Alexey Belyakov Честно говоря, про других не знаю, но написал комментарий в ответ на странное описание стояния в самом видео.
Alexey Belyakov
The Saar invasion is another noteworthy example of a battle that doesnt contain any fighting but changed the world. If the French actually went on the offensive during that invasion, they could’ve possibly weakened Nazi Germany and delay WW2 from escalating further.
However, since the french were unwilling to fight Germany without Britain’s support and look like an aggressor, they pulled out of the invasion and inadvertently allowed the Wehrmacht to grow stronger without resistance. Later, the Germans would invade the French through the Ardennes the next year.
Does it ever happen in other parts of the world? A battle with significant consequences which hasn't even happened.
True
it is important to note, that Casimir didn`t help Ahmad because of crimean tatars raiding Lithuania, Ivan allied with them for the sole purpose of not letting his 2 enemies to unite
also I would like to add that Devlet Giray didn`t burn Moscow cuz of walls too hard for him to assault, but Moscow indeed was burning that year because of extremely hot summer and these 2 events coincided. Nevetheless, that raid was estimated by the contemprories to get 200k russian people enslaved
Just like Moscow ship burns bye himself
No, he burned wooden part of Moscow, bud didn't captured stronghold - Kremlin. Entire Moscow wasn't encircled with walls, only citadel.
Hi, i like the series prepared by the channel. Just one correction in this video, the portrait you used for Syed Ahmed is of Sir Syed Ahmed from 1880s, Sir Syed Ahmed was from sub continent
Lmao! Adding “sir,” to his name.
@Miguel Ángel Fernández Sánchez the picture used is of a different syed ahmed at @12:20
I was shocked, what is old man doing in that far steppe land 😂😂😂😂
From Indian subcontinent
My favorite YT channel to visit. I love the frequency with which you keep the information flowing. K AND G deserves an award or 2
I love this channel , I'd love to see videos on these individual people's and nations weapons or tools that are inherently there own . For example Finland and puukkos or the people of Siberia and the yakut knife these could be used not only as a weapon but as tools aswell .
Wonderful video. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Your channel always seems to answer the questions I ponder from your previous videos... amazing work!!
Having a history degree in this day and age with all of this free 10/10 historical content on KZclip is a joy.
I think this is the only video and series of this kind on KZclip. Hardly any videos of the Mongols losing their empire exist, besides the one made by Epimetheus. Thanks for this content, friend.
Love to see more of the history of my two most favorite civs in Age of Empires 4
Amazing video as always K&G! 💗
A correction though, at 12:17 you have put the portrait of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a reformer in Indo-Pak for Muslim India in the 19th century as reference, instead of the horde's Syed Ahmed.
Cheers
Lol
I view Kings and Generals as my history movies. I like the delivery and appreciate the content.
Can y’all do a video on the Zanj rebellion And/or the collapse of the oyo empire and rise of the sokoto caliphate in Nigeria? They’re both really interesting stories.
I start to think that the biggest problem for a dynasty is having too many princes. The Ottoman almost has it right, only if they hold off on killing those losing princes until the Sultans had a couple boys.
Like the saying:" Just because you can conquer the world on horseback doesn't mean you can rule on horseback."
We lost garbage things amd haram. That's it.
Be thankful for Islam!!!!
@TheForsakeen - 1. _"They pretty much confirmed what I have been saying about the trade imbalance"_
I just check them myself, and I find no mention about this trade imbalance. There's list of expensive and exotic goods from both sides there, but little evidence about Rome/Europe suffer massive drain of silver for centuries to buy those exotic goods.
In fact, they mention goods from Roman Empire (Europe and Middle East) found in places as far as Vietnam and China.
2. _"You really think traders from the other side of the world could just outproduce the native in local products when all they had were some fez ports and some small stipe of lands? .. (furthermore) the natives were helped by state protectionism"_
Not "outproduce", but *outcompete.*
Like how Germany can't compete with China in car production, yet German cars are highly desirable in Chinese market.
This doesn't mean Chinese cars are undesirable, it's just German high-end brands dominate the (high-margin) luxury segment in China, allowing Germany to maintain rather healthy trade balance with China (compared to US-China trade relation).
China has been manufacturing domestic opium for centuries before EIC bring their opium into Chinese market. However, EIC's quickly dominate the market because they were more potent than the domestic variants.
On the other hand, certain region in India (then under British rule) has been growing tea for centuries, but British consumers prefer Chinese tea anyway (IIRC due to Indian variant had higher salinity, which doesn't suit British palate).
3. _"they started to trade in opium, illegally seize lands, taxe the people, make massive use of slavery, discourage local manufacture and impose unequal treaties"_
Let me explain how European companies gradually take over many Asian countries:
First of all, the relationship between the Europeans and the Asian countries had been *one sided* from the get go.
Europeans can intervene in the local affairs, but the local people had near-zero influence on European politics. Europeans can project their power to Asia, but Asian states generally had no means to project power to Europe (except Ottoman Empire ofc).
In each of these Asian country (as in anywhere else), there were multiple competing stakeholders. From local political factions to foreign "interest groups", like Arab traders (which were very influential in certain region), as well as various trading companies from different European nations.
These interest groups compete with each other, each support different factions, usually in return for various trading concession.
It was win-win relationship, till one of the local faction won the power struggle. They then tried to rescind all those concession, which often led to conflict with their former supporters. These former supporters then switch sides and support another faction, so on and so forth.
However, from late 17th century onward, this status quo begin to change with the Europeans gaining *technological supremacy* (i.e. vastly superior ships, better military organization, logistics, fortification, etc). European companies increasingly able to directly compete against local political factions for outright political domination despite their numerical disadvantage.
Local political factions gradually come to term with the advent of the Europeans. Many choose to *collaborate,* adopting European culture and lifestyle, to the point they voluntarily send their children to study in Europe.
In the end, European technological superiority allow them to conquer huge swathe of land, but it was the support from these local collaborators that allow Europeans to rule their colonies.
--
As for "discourage local manufacture", it was *NOT* the case (at least not always).
European elites invested heavily in the foreign market, like in Japan (post Meiji restoration) and China (post Opium war), as well as in Russia, Canada, and United States. Even in centuries old rival, like Ottoman Empire (e.g. financing the construction of Suez canal and Turkish railway). Also in South America, Iran, and the Middle East.
As far as I know, India is the only major former colony who accused Europeans (i.e. Britain) of *purposely* stifling its growth. Which I guess is not entirely groundless, since India indeed lagged behind other colonies (e.g. Canada, Australia, South Africa, Egypt, Malaya/Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, etc).
@TheForsakeen - 1. What Pliny said is similar to what in the letter/memorial written by Imperial ministers to Daoguang Emperor about Opium trade. A total hysteria about Opium trade getting out of control, and millions upon millions of precious silver talents leaving Chinese economy to pay for this accursed drugs.
Well, it wasn't entirely groundless, as Lin Zexu seized tons of opium, valued at a million pound of gold and trigger the Opium War.
However, even if Lin Zexu's China and Pliny's Rome indeed suffered such crushing trade deficit, it was *temporary* in the grand scale of thing, and does *NOT* mean Roman or Chinese goods were "unwanted".
Whether then, or in our own time today (i.e. America suffered massive trade deficit to China, especially in the last 15 years), they are *NOT* permanent. Soon the market will return to *equilibrium,* as it always does. As simple as that.
You can Google "Indian ocean trade during Roman time", there's plenty evidence about the trade between all these great empires, with goods from China, India, Egypt/Middle East, and Europe. "Silk road" did not flow in one direction.
2. "Postal system" exist since ancient time (e.g. postal service from Susa to Sardis in ancient Iran/Persia), but the modern postal system with post office, postmark, stamps, etc was first invented/founded in 17th century England.
This, in itself, might grant but a slight edge to overall productivity and commercial efficiency, but other improvements on many different sectors accumulated into clear superiority over their Asian rivals.
Again, just use your common sense, how exactly EIC or VOC start trading and soon begin to dominate local market if they had no advantage?
Do you think English and Dutch traders work harder, or inherently better negotiator, or what? Even if they do, that doesn't explain how they overcome massive disparity of power in the local market they operated.
European merchants simply had better financial knowledge, access to novel institutions which allow them to raise more money, and captive market exclusive to them (i.e. European and American market), alongside *superior technology.*
@TheForsakeen - 1. _"what metrics are you using?"_
1.1. Economy
Modern fiscal policies, modern economic system (the rest of the world practice feudalism/mercantilism since ancient time, when the West experimented with capitalism and socialism), modern financial institutions (e.g. central bank, stock exchange, chartered and public company, etc) when the rest of the world dominated by clan-based trading firm (e.g. in the middle east, China, and India), modern economic concept (division of labor, free market, etc).
Interest rate in the West was much lower due to all these measures (e.g. in 1800, avg interest rate in Qing China was ~60%, while in the Netherlands was ~20%), this in turn allowed Western corporations to raise more money and outcompete local trading firms.
Qing and Mughal GDP were larger than many European nations' GDP simply because they had much larger population. However, vast majority of that huge population work on subsistence farming. On the other hand, higher percentage of European people were artisans, specialists, and industrial workers (thus generate much higher GDP per capita).
1.2. Military
Better metallurgy (means better military equipment), higher level of standardization, better military organization (while Qing relied on obsolete "Banner system", Mughal Empire and Ottoman Empire relied on feudal system). You can Google how the Mughals, the Turks, the Egyptians, the Japanese, etc recruited European officers to modernize their military.
Just look at modern military organization/structure, they all using Western structure and convention. Nobody recruit slave-soldiers (e.g. Janissary), feudal levies (e.g. pre-industrial Japan), or using Qing "Bannermen" (practically "military caste") system.
1.3. Science
In the field of Astronomy, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, etc, the West was flat out superior. Nobody came close.
Just like Cai Lun (inventor of Chinese papermaking process) in 2nd century AD, and Al-Kwarizmi (author of Algebra) in 9th century AD left their brilliant legacy, showcasing the superiority of their respective civilization, so too Galileo, Newton, Pascal, Lavoisier, Curie, Pasteur, Volta, Watt, Marconi, Bell, Edison, Tesla, Einstein, etc left their mark in world history between 16th to 19th century AD, showcasing the superiority of "Western" civilization.
2. _"what of china or the US today compared to everyone else? china alone produce more steel than the rest of the world combined and their economy is still outgrowing the rest."_
Simple: USA and China are the current world *superpowers.*
First of all, USA (and Russia) could reduce any country on Earth into *radioactive wasteland* within 90 minutes or so. This, in itself should be enough to explain why USA deserve the title of superpower.
If we're talking about conventional military, US Navy dominates world oceans and able to cut world shipping lanes *at will* (thus creating global economic chaos). And even if everyone else combine their navy to challenge US Navy, US Navy still outgun them all.
The gap between these superpowers and everyone else is so *immense.*
Kinda similar to how Qing dynasty unknowingly walk into a war (First Opium War) against the mighty British empire, the mid 19th century world superpower.
Or how Central Asian states murdered Mongol envoys, and disrespect the great Khan without any knowledge about the unstoppable might of the Mongol armies.
3. About language
Whatever the case, that show the superiority of Western cultural legacy over Mongolian one.
The Mongols adopted Chinese, Persian, and Arabic culture, while the West forced Chinese, Persian, and Arabic culture to adopt Western culture into theirs.
We need a more in depth video on Lithuanian history from going from near extinction at the hands of Germanic crusaders to becoming one of the largest countries in Europe
I was literally just looking for this very video yesterday! You guys are impressive.
Small correction: You have got wrong Ahmed Khan picture... Actually you got sir Syed Ahmed Agha Khan, who founded Aligarh Muslim University India. Nevertheless, you are doing brilliant job 👏
Lmao I ve addressed the same issue 😂
so many civilizations and stories! It's so good that now we are in the 21th century and we don't not need to worry 'bout some evil nation or coorporation claiming our lives and territories! I'm feeling very safe and happy with all the progress we are making together working in cooperation and harmony! Since now we can see and hear all the goods (and bads) that happens all around it's much easier to everyone be updated and see the true scale of our civilization. Nice!
An informative video thank you. However, was not the eastern border of Finland very little recognized in practice at the time? The border you've marked was the first official border of Finland but only from 1626. I mean, my understanding is that either Mongols or at least some of their direct descendants settled in Finland too.
Will you make a video about the battle of molodi 1572 ? It was indeed a fateful battle for Russia, and some compare it to the battle of Moscow in 1941.
No, actually not. But yes, it was important for the russian history.
This channel is the real deal. History to all humankind.🤟
As always a great video from Kings and Generals.
I really love the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire and it's successors. The world was at their finger tips, but they always end up killing each other for power. tsk
Good.
@Hop On pop Indeed, these mongol succession struggles look very much like what the romans had in the 3rd century
Yes and the invention of the "gun"
Always over succession, they never did figure out how to hand power off to the next leader without a total mess (to be fair, many other civilizations have failed in this regard).
It's really cool that you can watch the video in Spanish too. Didn't know that was possible. Great channel
It's horrifying to see such " proud tough - people" broken , destroyed, hunted , and broken down into nothingness.
I hope when next video about rus' history will be uploaded they pay attention to Ivan the first "Kalita", whose biography and his rivalry with Mikhail Of Tver is an interesting topic to tell about
Tribute and tributary states are medieval elements different from those that - like vassalage - shaped the western Europe, and should be seen as alternative to those. By no means did tribute mean occupation and full integration to an empire or kingdom, on the contrary, being able to pay tribute was a grant of independence, which meant staying able to wage future war. The power of the tributary state varied considerably over time and sometimes in opposite directions (which explains why Russian, Moldavian or Wallachian states could be tributary, then stop paying tribute, but after beating their masters in war start paying tribute again). Tribute had a high diplomatic and political significance too, the result of a balance of power in which both parties could interpret things in their own favor, by both avoiding war and being able to prepare for it - the stronger party saving face in spite of not fully enforcing its control - the weaker party keeping or even increasing its independence, or at least keeping hope.
Awesome history.
I always wondered how the largest nation on earth came to be.
Unlike what some people think, the Mongols did know how to rule, when they weren't at each others' throats. The outbreak of Black Death, and coming of Little Ice Age were very untimely events.
@ Ok lol
mongols never ruled before, Stalin gave them Russian land, Russians alphabet was active till 1991, even today they are not ruling their country, westerners are
Thank you. It's the lesser told story. Please do a video on Ivan IV 🙏🏻
Always share a great trove of knowledge K&G, for knowledge is Power...Kudos to you and your team of researchers...
Incredible on so many levels.
This channel is awesome…can’t think of anything more fitting to say.
Love your videos always had a interest in history from bc to WW2 school was Soo dull learned nothing but you have taught me Soo much. Thankyou
Brilliant video 📹
Brilliant detail.
All Empires must come up an end.
Given all of this why don't Muscovy or at least some of the Rus princes start as tributaries of the Great Horde in EU4? I know it's a game but tributary status wouldn't be that hard for a player to get out of and it would more closely reflect the reality of 1444. I haven't played EU4 in a while so I might have outdated information.
I believe the image used for Sayid Ahmed at 12:20 is actually a picture of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, who was a 19th-century writer and philosopher born in Delhi during the British Raj, and not a khan of the Golden Horde lol
New Mongol content while binge watching previous mongol videos 👍
Más vídeos así, por favor 👍👍👍
great videos ! keep going in this way!
Incredible topic n quality guys. As a Ukrainian living in China, I just love it 😍
Quality content. Every. Single. Time.
Lithuanian kingdom with Rus warriors from Kyiv and Volynia has fought the mongols, at 1321 they captured Kyiv, and at 1362 they fought the mongols and captured the south, where they found fortress Kochubiev, which then became Odessa
Kochubiev became Odessa only four centuries later.
Very informative. Thank you!
This era deserves it's own Total War Saga game
12:11 The Sayed Ahmed photo you have taken appears same as that of India, although his full name is Syed Ahmed Khan, the cap used on his skull has been used by a section of Indians, esp. among the Muslims, such caps have also been used by Turks although. Maybe you got confused with the khans only being from central Asia, they are spread till Indian sub-continent and are a big tribe among the Indian Sub-Continents Muslims.
The only game I can think of that covers this time period is Age of Empires 4, they cover a good chunk of the downfall of the Mongols in Russia and also the initial Mongolian conquest of Russia.
Europa Universalis 4 covers the last parts after the breakup of the Golden Horde. You can play as one of the khanates and reverse the decline, or conquer them all as Russia.
Fun fact: the egyptian military defeated the Mongols twice. It started when the Mongols sent 3 messengers to Cairo demanding the egyptians surrender to Mongol rule or get destroyed. Egypt was ruled by the mamluks. They were child/soldier slaves who grew powerful enough to rule Egypt themselves. Well, the egyptians grabbed the messengers and cut them in half at the waist. The Mongols were then defeated and Egypt stopped the Mongol expansion into North Africa.
One of the best channels on KZclip.
Always amazing and interesting videos. thank you.
This makes me want to play some more crusader Kings
Picture of Sayyid Ahmad referred at 12:12 is of South Asia's Muslim reformer "Sir Syed Ahmad Khan" . Well known amd documented.
Woah Syed Ahmed Khan had remained a Tartar Khan of the great horde despite being born in 1817 in Delhi 🤯
fantastic videos!!!!!! please make a video on how mongols lost persia and talk about sarbadars....
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job
You know how it is. You set down a piece of Asia, you start to do something else, you get distracted, then you're sidetracked on something else, and the next thing you know you've lost Russia and can't find it for at least half an hour.
And it's always the last place you look, between China and Finland, right where you put it.
I always wondered how Russia became such a large country. This video gets me closer to understanding.
Many states and peoples Russians conquered simply had inferior armies. Russian army, while far from the most advanced European armies of the time, still had superior firepower which is artillery and musquets/arquebuses and engineers to those of the descendants of the Golden Horde who still largely relied on horse archers and traditional nomad tactics. You can see it on the painting depicting Yermak's cossacks crossing a river and firing at the warriors of the Sibir Khanate armed with bows.
Not quite related to the Golden Horde.
It becamse such because they conquered lands and/or made alliances.
Well basically it was like this - you encounter a tribe or a group of people and they either join you or perish. So most joined thats how you have more than 160 different ethnic groups there now. Thats all. There wasnt any large nations there at the time so it was more about getting them all come together under one banner more than beating up your neighbors like it was in europe
not quite. most of the country was simply not claimed by anyone(it's cold there and the forest, in short)
good video, I never thought of how the russians replaced the mongols
I thought Kulikovo was a big turning point in the Rus struggle against the Mongols. Once again I’m learning from Kings and Generals.
@KIRILL nu belarusa ukrainca mozesh nazvat russy rusych rusyny ili russkij (tolko s miagkim znakom) no ne russkij,rosijanin,kak b podelilis na tri naroda drevnyje russy,VKL v etom silno pomogla navernoje...
@Kestutis Samogitian
'Русские люди' иди просто 'русские' также тут себя называли, ещё со времен Руси кстати. В общем по разному себя называли, но корень 'рус' (и позже 'рос') всегда присутствовал. Потом уже ближе к нашим дням 'русские' и 'россияне' полностю вытиснили всяких 'русичий', 'русаков' и т.д.
@KIRILL nu tak rusak ne ruskij, slgal ili misunderstanding kak ja 😅,nu da ,rosija belarus i ukraina nasledniki kijevskoi rusi ...
@Kestutis Samogitian
Россия один из прямых наследников Руси. Это неоспоримых факт
@Kestutis Samogitian
На французом писал, что люди в Москве называют себя "Russac".
Здесь люди никогда не называли себя "московитами", это чисто иностранный термин. Называли себя русские люди, русичи, русаки. Тот же Андрей Лызлов в 17 веке писал о россиянах, россиянцах. Ещё до Петра
Lol guys, the picture you used for "Sayid Ahmad" is that of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan of India...the guy who established the Aligarh Muslim University during the British Raj 😁
12:39 The person in this image is Mukhammad Taraghay Ulughbek, grandson of Timur. He is not Ulugh Mukhammad.
The literal definition of "Die out not with a bang but with a whimper".
It's amazing that no-one killed they all off after the lose of power
Why taimur lane is less popular than other generals , truth is that he was greatest general in world history. He defeated ottoman, mamluk, illknate, golden horde in rus,Delhi sultanate in India , chagatia khanate and going to war with yhun dynasty but died on Champaign
Crazy to think that the last remnants of the Mongol Empire technically existed at the same time as the US.
@Michael Davis crocodiles li Ed in same period as Dinosaurs. But there are many periods in history not just Jurassic. Crocs have been there from the start. Oldest living species on earth. Really large ones were known crocodilians they were more aquatic than our crocodiles of today. Even crocs have evolved . Some could swim like a fish through water with monstrous longated jaws others resembled our crocs. History brings wonder into life and those crocs let’s just say brought more adventure than other fish, mammals ever wanted to experience.
@Ampeer Prime God, did you just claim Mammoths existed at the same time as dinosaurs. Unless you count crocodiles and birds as dinosaurs, in which case we are still in the dinosaur era.
@Ampeer Prime the non-avian dinosaurs died out millions of years before the first mammorths came along. Mammoths are believed to have first appeared between 10 and 5 million years ago (closer to 5) whilst the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago.
Yeah that shocked me too, I was like: "what the Ottoman do dhere!?" 😂
Yet, the Pyramids were built when there were Mammoths still alive, the Mammoths being the last of the dinosaur era to go. PepeLaugh
Interesting continuity between ancient rule and modern rule of the "Rus lands.'
12:16 Shows picture of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was key figure in Indian independence. I think there has been a mistake due to similarity in names. Why are you showing Nicea at the start and not Eastern Roman Empire?
@Extrovert ;) That hat was later ottomon invention The Mongols Tatars kipchaks at the time never wore that thing but some muslim politicians from Subcontinent
Resemblance is uncanny, he is wearing a turk hat as well.
How do you know they didn't look the same?
Ivan III The Great, was a jarl not a prince, and the king after beating Tatars, great documentary tho, love it ♥
great video! Mongol history is one of our fav topics..
Attention: the picture you placed for syed ahmed is actually of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was muslim leader in british india in 19 century.
YOUR COMMENTARY IS GREAT BTW👏👏👏
@Ramu Manickam who said that he was leader for whole of india and britian?
Syed not an indian name not a leader for both British and india
Taliban
$HTCR become ruler under the deep blue
Very informative videos ❤️👍🏾
Thank you for the video. Nice watch... However, I think the image of Syed Ahmed used at 12:20 is probably an image of 19th century Indian educationist Syed Ahmed, and not the central asian ruler you are referring to.
on 9:45 you say that the Horde (under Toqtamysh) made Lithuania a vassal. Could you please provide a source for that? Never heard of this fact before.
Peter Jackson wrote about this in “Mongols and the West: 1221-1410”
10k views an hour 10 hours in? Guy needs a raise!!
Such a beautiful video…. I mean who doesn’t find the destruction of the mongols a beautiful thing
Thank you for the free available high quality content. Yet i have a question, is this russian history spam over the last year something you do to imply something politically? Thanks.
Great interesting video. Thank you!!!
This makes me want to dominate as the horde in Ck3
you sort of skipped over the actual russian conquest of horde territories at the end.
i'd be interested to know why it was the Run who picked off the weak Horde states, rather than China.
No, he didnt.
China in its long history has hardly ever invaded other areas, they’ve for the most part been occupied with their own civil wars.
When Kings and Generals is literally better than the Google Search themselves
6:50 this is officially the modern equivalent to watching History Channel, video game music and all!
Awesome video! Thank you!